What Do We Know About Utilitarianism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 542 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Utilitarianism How is â€Å"good† determined: By what is best for the greatest number of people and by those consequences. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Jeremy Bentham Stuart Mill Major Strengths: Encouraging all human welfare and the end-justifies-the-means. Major Weaknesses: Finding all the consequences for all in society is complex. When do the end-justifies-the-means for all in society? Ethical Egoism How is â€Å"good† determined: By Self-interest and what will serve that person and solely that person. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Epicurus Major Strengths: Every person ought to carry out in self-interest no matter what the outcome. Encourages individual freedom and responsibility for their actions. Major Weaknesses: Contradictory to one’s own self-interest when related too all in society. Cannot show a consistent method of dealing with conflicts with others. Ethics of Care How is â€Å"good† determined: The theory that caring for others and sensitivity to others is important for a moral life. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Carol Gilligan Major Strengths: One should carry out with caring and compassion in all actions. A person should constantly consider others and the consequences of their actions towards them early. Major Weaknesses: May lead others to look at gender as a system to the guide as too who is best and not perfect equality of gender. May only change one incomplete theory with another incomplete theory. Kantianism How is â€Å"good† determined: Look at what’s good no matter what the consequences are to be positive/negative. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Immanuel Kant Major Strengths: Must be logical and not self-contradictory. Must still be effective to create a universal rule for all in society. Major Weaknesses: Works not to define away exceptions in every situation when competing obligations begin. Establishing what one can create a comprehensive rule for without exceptions. Prima facie Duties How is â€Å"good† determined: It is a persons moral obligation to perform various duties in society and they must serve those duties. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Sir William David Ross Major Strengths: Determine the act with the highest duties too societal duties. Do the act which has the highest degree for right over wrong. Major Weaknesses: Difficulty in figuring out what is always the most significant social duty. When does one duty outweigh another duty? Divine Command Theory How is â€Å"good† determined: Moral principles set down by a higher power or God/Goddess stating what is appropriate/unacceptable. Most Noted Philosopher (s): St Augustine Major Strengths: An all-powerful and all-knowing being/beings have set rules/commandments for a man to serve in any situation. By observing those rules/commandments they will have rewards in another life. Major Weaknesses: Difficulty showing proof there is a supernatural world. Inability to prove those higher powers will reward someone. Virtue Theory How is â€Å"good† determined: By a human being’s own character as a person. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Aristotle and Confucius Major Strengths: An exceptional character will require you to serve honorable accomplishments in life. By doing noble actions one will strive to be an honorable person with a full or accomplished life. Major Weaknesses: Seeking to verify if an individual does have a goal or purpose to exist. Convincing or not if humans are created with morals implanted or are, they picked up from events in development. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Do We Know About Utilitarianism" essay for you Create order

How Does The Change Of The Fall Protection System

The author of this paper used very little ethos while writing this paper. He mentioned once that he has experience in fall protection systems. The reason this is important to know is because the audience wants to be sure the person they are learning something that is life or death from is experienced. If they learned something like the fall protection system from someone who doesn’t have first-hand experience, there is a chance of wrong information which can result in a fatality. People tend to trust people with experience more than those who have no experience (Nelson 26). After Nelson mentioned his experience there is no sign of ethos in the paper. Nelson made the choice to not use ethos because his name is a well-known name when it comes to OSHAs guidelines, and his name should already be known. He also neglected to show his relevance to the subject and the audience because it should already be known. Scholarly reviewed articles go through so much editing and reviewing that it is known that the author is experienced and knowledgeable (Nelson 25-31). The audience of this paper is other scholars, and that changes the use of ethos a lot. Nelson didn’t see the need to show why he was qualified, because his audience is just as qualified. The lack of ethos shows his audience he cares more about the topic than his qualifications and accomplishments. Caring more about the topic of the paper causes people to trust what he wrote and take it for what it is, however this couldShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Safe Job Procedure Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHARNESSES AND SELF RETRACTING LANYARDS PURPOSE A Safe Job Procedure (SJP) is one of the Administrative Controls that we use to manage the existing or potential hazards that are identified in our operations. This SJP is a step-by-step instruction of how to fit and use harnesses and self-retracting lanyards. The purpose of this SJP is to provide a safe work environment, ensure uniform operational procedures and techniques, and to meet Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislative requirements.Read MoreSocial And Political Landscape : September 111670 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, which lead to social and political landscape changes (Morgan 1). The discussed change in landscape is increased â€Å"prejudice, discrimination, and desire for vengeance† by Americans towards anyone who would fall under the stereotypical image of a terrorist. The government and citizens all asked questions alike, â€Å"Why, how, and who did this?† The government had failed in doing its job as protector of its citizens. To act on this failure of protection, President George W. Bush â€Å"initiated warrantlessRead MoreA Brief Note On Information System Security Policy Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesInformation System Security Policy Joshua E. 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This varies with the rope age, size, angle of pull, andRead MoreCritical Analysis Paper On Nursing1442 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Reflective Analysis Paper The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon my original definition of nursing metaparadigm concepts critically, and to determine if any changes in my perception towards practice have occurred. The focus of the paper is to critically analyze the transformations that have occurred in my approach to practice. The critical analysis of nursing metaparadigm concepts has resulted in the transformation of my thinking regarding a person, nursing, and environment whileRead MoreKnow How National Initiatives Promote Anti- Discriminatory Practive1119 Words   |  5 PagesHow National Intiatives Promotes Anti-discriminatory Practice: How National Intiatives Promotes Anti-discriminatory Practice: By Paisley Cusick. The Children’s Act 1989 (2004) The Children’s Act 1989 (2004) The current child protection system is based on the Children Act 1989, which was introduced in an effort to reform and clarify the existing laws affecting children. The Children Act 1989 gave every child the right to protection from abuse and exploitation and the right to inquiriesRead MoreKey Differences Between Feudalism And Capitalism996 Words   |  4 PagesQ3. Drawing on Heilbroner, explain the key differences between feudalism and capitalism. Explain how Heilbroner discusses the rise and establishment of capitalism? In this short essay, I will explain few key differences between feudalism and capitalism based on Heilbroners book. They are as follows: the property rights (Land), the system of wage and labor (Workers), and the existence of competition. Additionally, I will discuss the rise of capitalism based on Heilbroner point of view. BothRead MoreEffective Information Security Policy Elements864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world today technology is used everywhere, no matter if it is personal or business. Although technology has become important for so many reasons, there is also a measure of security that must be taken for protection. Policies are put into place for protection the organization from fall into a pitfall. It has also helped the organization to build better relations with personals, and build growth within the cooperate industry. There a several ways business and personal users can protect theirRead MoreThe Reformation Of The Protestant Reformation798 Words   |  4 PagesPaying your way to heaven sounds nice does it not? During the time period of the Protestant Reformation you were able to do just that. When most people think of the Protestant Reformation it is often associated with a time of crisis for the Catholic Church. This specific time period challenges and characterizes the new direction th at would be taken in Western Europe. A specific moment in the beginning of the Protestant Reformation would soon lead to the development of early modern Europe, that momentRead MoreThe Fear Of Information Loss Prevention1719 Words   |  7 Pages What is Data Loss Prevention? Data Loss Prevention can be explained as â€Å"Data Loss Prevention, first hit the market in 2006 and gained some popularity in early part of 2007. Just as we have witnessed the growth of firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and numerous security products, DLP has already improved considerably and is beginning to influence the security industry. While DLP has been known by several acronyms, in simple terms it refers to technology or software developed to protect

Polyandry in Tibet Brothers Marrying the Same Wife

Polyandry is the name given to the cultural practice of the marriage of one woman to more than one man.  The term for polyandry where the husbands of the shared wife are brothers to each other is  fraternal polyandry or  adelphic polyandry. Polyandry in Tibet In Tibet, fraternal polyandry was accepted. Brothers would marry one woman, who left her family to join her husbands, and the children of the marriage would inherit the land. Like many cultural customs, polyandry in Tibet was compatible with specific challenges of geography. In a country where there was little tillable land, the practice of polyandry would reduce the number of heirs, because a woman has more biological limits on the number of children she can have than a man does. Thus, the land would stay within the same family, undivided. The marriage of brothers to the same woman would ensure that brothers stayed on the land together to work that land, providing for more adult male labor.  Fraternal polyandry permitted sharing of responsibilities so that one brother might focus on animal husbandry and another on the fields, for example.  The practice would also ensure that if one husband needed to travel—for instance, for trade purposes—another husband (or more) would remain with the family and land. Genealogies, population  registers,  and indirect measures have helped ethnographers to estimate the occurrence of polyandry. Melvyn C. Goldstein, professor of anthropology at Case Western University, in Natural History  (vol. 96, no. 3, March 1987, pp. 39-48), describes some details of Tibetan custom, especially polyandry. The custom occurs in many different economic classes but is especially common in peasant landowning families.  The eldest brother usually dominates the household, though all the brothers are, in theory, equal sexual partners of the shared wife, and children are considered shared. Where there is no such equality, there is sometimes conflict. Monogamy and polygyny are also practiced, he notes—polygyny (more than one wife) being practiced sometimes if the first wife is barren.  Polyandry is not a requirement but a choice of brothers. Sometimes a brother chooses to leave the polyandrous household, though any children he may have fathered to that date stay in the household.  Marriage ceremonies sometimes only include the eldest brother and sometimes all the (adult) brothers.  Where there are brothers at the time of marriage who are not of age, they may join the household later. Goldstein reports that, when he asked Tibetans why they dont simply have monogamous marriages of the brothers and share the land among heirs (rather than splitting it up as other cultures would do), the Tibetans said that there would be competition among the mothers to advance their own children. Goldstein also notes that for the men involved, given the limited farmland, the practice of polyandry is beneficial to the brothers because work and responsibility are shared, and younger brothers are more likely to have a secure standard of living.  Because Tibetans prefer not to divide the  familys land, family pressure works against a younger brother achieving success on his own. Polyandry declined, opposed by political leaders of India, Nepal, and China.  Polyandry is now against the law in Tibet, though it is occasionally still practiced. Polyandry and Population Growth Polyandry, along with widespread celibacy among Buddhist monks, served to slow population growth.   Thomas Robert Malthus  (1766  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1834), the English cleric who studied population growth, considered that the ability of a population to stay at a level proportional to the ability to feed the population was related to virtue and to human happiness. In  An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798,  Book I, Chapter XI, Of the Checks to Population in Indostan and Tibet, he documents a practice of polyandry among the Hindu  Nayrs (see below).  He  then discussed polyandry (and widespread celibacy among both men and women in monasteries) among the Tibetans.  He draws on  Turners Embassy to Tibet,  a description by Captain Samuel Turner of his journey through Bootan (Bhutan) and Tibet. Hence religious retirement is frequent,  and the number of monasteries and nunneries is considerable....  But even among the laity the business of population goes on very coldly. All the brothers of a family, without any restriction of age or of numbers, associate their fortunes with one female, who is chosen by the eldest, and considered as the mistress of the house; and whatever may be the profits of their several pursuits, the result flows into the common store. The number of husbands is not apparently defined, or restricted within any limits. It sometimes happens that in a small family there is but one male; and the number, Mr. Turner says, may seldom exceed that which a native of rank at Teshoo Loomboo pointed out to him in a family resident in the neighbourhood, in which five brothers were then living together very happily with one female under the same connubial compact. Nor is this sort of league confined to the lower ranks of people alone; it is found also frequently in the most opulent families. Polyandry Elsewhere The practice of polyandry in Tibet is perhaps the best-known and best-documented incidence of cultural polyandry. But it has been practiced in other cultures. There is a reference to the abolition of polyandry in Lagash, a Sumerian city, in about 2300 BCE. The Hindu religious epic text, the  Mahabharata, mentions a woman, Draupadi, who marries five brothers.  Draupadi was the daughter of the king of Panchala. Polyandry was practiced in a part of India close to Tibet and also in South India. Some Paharis in Northern India still practice polyandry, and fraternal polyandry has become more common in Punjab, presumably to prevent the dividing of inherited lands. As noted above, Malthus discussed polyandry among the Nayrs on the Malabar coast of South India.  The Nayrs (Nairs or Nayars) were Hindus, members of a collection of castes, who sometimes practiced either hypergamy—marrying into higher castes—or polyandry, though he is reluctant to describe this as marriage: Among the Nayrs, it is the custom for one Nayr woman to have attached to her two males, or four, or perhaps more. Goldstein, who studied Tibetan polyandry, also documented polyandry among the Pahari people, Hindu farmers living in lower sections of the Himalayas who occasionally practiced fraternal polyandry (Pahari and Tibetan Polyandry Revisited, Ethnology. 17(3): 325-327, 1978).

Analysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan - 1087 Words

Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679) is one of the most important philosophers of the modern age. He was associated with the most advanced thinkers of his time, Galileo, Gassendi, and Descartes. He was the first thinker of modernity that, from a psychological and anthropological analysis, attempts to establish the need for the civil state (Collins 2013). This is the subject of his most famous political work Leviathan, which is a compendium of all his philosophical thoughts (Collins 2013). Hobbes makes observations on human behavior and makes one understand that mankind is essentially a selfish animal and the basic formula of selfishness is survival. Hobbes viewed people to be pessimistic, selfish, egotistic humans; he believed humans were selfish creatures who would do anything to better their position for their own self interest. He also thought that people could not be trusted to make decisions on their own, and a country needed an authority figure to provide direction and leadership (Coll ins 2013). In Leviathan, Chapter XIII is where the essence of the Hobbes view on human nature is contained, which he prefers to call natural condition. Humans, he says, are naturally equal and this natural equality leads them to compete to satisfy their desire for possession, a fact that results in a permanent state of war of all against all (Collins 2013).Hobbes states that a state of war will ensue that it is every man against himself. Eventually the state of war will lead the people towardsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Leviathan Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesused natural law to explain the aspects of humanity, it was these men’s ideas who were key to the era of Enlightenment and life beyond it. Born on April 5 1588, Thomas Hobbes came to be known as one of the greatest philosophers in the world. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, he sets forth his ideas on government and law. Thomas Hobbes believed that all humans were born with sin. He believed that all hum ans were evil, cruel, greedy, and selfish. Even though he thought we were naturally evil,Read MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 2457 Words   |  10 Pages Laviathan, Thomas Hobbes most important work and one of the most substantial philosophical texts of the Seventeenth century, was written largely as a response to the political violence and turmoil of England’s civil wars. In Leviathan, Hobbes, using science and reason as a foundation, attempts to create a concrete and methodological solution for peace and political stability. In the context of a historically violent and fear stricken period in which Leviathan was written, it is logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests under a common power. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury writes profoundly on the arrangement of legitimate government and the structure of society by calling to attention the constant vying for â€Å"power after power that cea seth only in death† (Hobbes, 56). Through his depiction of human interactions, Hobbes claims that there is a perpetual longing for ease and protection, knowledge, and fame (Hobbes, 56-57). When desires are conflicting, Hobbes claims that there is fierce competitionRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1622 Words   |  7 PagesIt could be argued that Thomas Hobbes’s claim in Leviathan that a person has no right to challenge his sovereign’s law or decision is flawed because such judgements should serve public good. Since the sovereign power’s authority to make laws or decisions has its source in its subjects, these judgements should reflect what subjects think to be good or evil, instead of prescribing how people should think. However, this argument does not take into account that although there are cases where people canRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1891 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes writes that hu man beings’ state of nature is one of constant war. He claims that man’s fundamental natural instinct is that of self-preservation, and that this leads to a violent, â€Å"every man for himself† sort of world in which there are no rules, no morals, and all persons have the freedom to do as they please. In other words: our state of nature is anarchy, rampant with chaos and conflict. The only viable alternative to this, Hobbes argues, is voluntary subjectionRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Book Leviathan 1957 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes was a 17th century philosopher, who argued that human beings are fundamentally equal by nature, and we infer that humans live under the rule of absolute sovereign. â€Å"From that law of nature by which we are obliged to transfer to another such rights as, being retained, hinder the peace of mankind, there followeth a third, which is this that men perform their covenants made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes 89). Hobbes tri es to hold back peace, in order to make it seem like everyone is equal. This can createRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan And Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations1852 Words   |  8 Pages Most important among the many big ideas in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan and Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations are those that deal with human nature and how to create and maintain social order. In this paper, I will argue Hobbes’ lack of optimism, and Smith’s lack of pessimism in their theories of human nature, and will also discuss how our idea of social order changes once these aspects are taken into consideration. Hobbes’ theory of human nature begins with the statement that all men are createdRead MoreDo Metaphors Really Matter?1208 Words   |  5 PagesDo metaphors really matter? : An analysis of the use of metaphors in rhetoric Introduction Josà © Ortega y Gasset, a renowned philosopher once wrote: â€Å"The metaphor is probably the most fertile power possessed by man†. Metaphors form a pervasive part of rhetoric, because they have a great influence of our cognitive process. (Pauley, 2014) The use of metaphors in rhetoric is very common; as metaphors have the power to make people act despite the ideologies that are being put forth. In this essay, theRead MoreThomas Hobbes: Nature and Origins of Human Thought, Emotion, and Society2678 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: The philosophies of Thomas Hobbes are inarguably essential foundations in materialistic thought. Idealists during his time believed that there reality is made up of concepts and nonmatter. In response to the challenge of explaining concepts that seemed only explicable through idealist thinking (such as thoughts and emotions), Hobbes used logic and reasoning to develop materialist theories – some impressively similar in nature to neurobiology. His pessimistic views of society are drawnRead MoreThe s Claim That Freedom Within Nothing More Than The Absence Of Physical Or Legal Constraints1730 Words   |  7 PagesCritically assess Hobbes s claim that freedom consists in nothing more than the absence of physical or legal constraints. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes attempts to set up the stage for the understanding of the nature of freedom. The account holds much significance, because, what people understand freedom to be matters a great deal to their past and present life. According to Hobbes, freedom implies â€Å"the absence of opposition (by opposition I mean external impediments of motion) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes, 2005, P157)

Organizations Become More Global Free Essays

To some the word â€Å"Globalization† may seem a clichà ©. To others, it may appear an end in itself. Competitive pressures are creating the need for most companies to become Global. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations Become More Global or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization is one means for  becoming and remaining a world-class competitor — a goal encased in the mission statements of most corporations. When developing a globalization strategy, it is clear that the emerging markets present the greatest opportunity. The growth projections for Europe, Japan and the United States pale in comparison to some of the emerging markets. Emerging Markets Throughout the emerging markets an unprecedented consumer market boom is driving up demand for western-style goods and services. The largest segment of consumers in these markets is a decade short of its peak spending years. In India alone, sales of consumer goods are rising at 14% per year, while China is growing at almost 20% per year. Couple the consumer-spending boom with the still burgeoning need for infrastructure improvements and you’ll have a range of opportunities that extends into the trillions of dollars. Projects are planned or underway in many of these countries to upgrade transportation and  telecommunication systems, explore energy resources, build power generation facilities and provide health care facilities. In addition, the privatization efforts are presenting an incredible range of opportunities for investors, lending institutions, service providers and manufacturers. Four key trend influence emerging market potential There are four key trends that are influencing the emerging market potential: 1. Demographics: Overall world population growth is now concentrated in the  developing world. Where industrial nations are facing an  increasingly older population, the emerging markets remain  young. The developed world comprises only 11% of the world’s population. 2. Governments: Many countries that once relied on centrally planned economies are becoming market-driven. Industries that governments  previously restricted to foreign companies are now opening to foreign investment. 3. Communications: Access to the emerging markets is increasing due to huge  developments in communications technology such as the Internet and electronic commerce. Cyberspace represents a profound shift in the nature of communications as well as our perception of distance. 4. Urbanization: As infrastructure improvements are made, urban growth in the emerging markets will continue to explode.  Estimates indicate that the emerging markets’ share of world imports will double by the year 2010, rising to over 38%. Companies dazzled by the magnitude of these numbers must be equipped with the appropriate knowledge, information, and strategy to make its market forays successful. MACRO LEVEL Industry Globalization is due to such factors as : †¢ Level of international trade †¢ Intensity of international competition †¢ Worldwide product standardization †¢ Presence of key competitors in all key international markets. †¢ Intra-firm trade †¢ Technological intensity †¢ International linkages of value-added activities among countries †¢International integration of value-added activities among countries †¢ WORLDWIDE FREETRADE AGREEMENTS †¢ WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC REFORMS †¢ WORLWIDE FINANCIAL REFORMS †¢ REMOVAL TARIFF BARRIERS BY COUNTRIES †¢ REMOVAL OF SUBSIDIES COUNTRIES †¢ ETC ETC ==================================================== THE PUSH FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATION Market Drivers †¢ Per capita income converging among industrial nations †¢ Convergence of lifestyles and taste †¢ Growth of global and regional channels †¢ Establishment of world brands †¢ Spread of global and regional media Cost Drivers †¢ Continuing push for economies of scale ( but offset by flexible manufacturing) †¢ Accelerating technological innovation †¢ Advances in transportation (e.g., use of FedEx to deliver urgent supplies from one continent to another) †¢ Emergence of newly industrializing countries with productive capability and low labor costs (e.g., China, India and Indonesia) How to cite Organizations Become More Global, Papers

Internet in the Market Is Netflix INCâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Will Netflix Remain The Dominant Provider Of Online Video Streaming? Answer: Introduction The leading subscription of internet in the Management is Netflix Inc. They are providing service for movies and rentals for TV shows. In United States and Canada the company has already established itself in their specific sector as valued competitor. It has near about 20 million subscribers in the above mentioned country. Netflix Inc is offering a huge library in the box-office hits accompanied with the TV shows which has won the awards and the timeless classics for the subscribers. The subscribers have the access to stream unlimited content through the internet by paying 7.99 dollars per month. If there is unavailability of streaming the company supplies the content in DVD version that could be overnight shipped. The revolution has been introduced by Netflix by renting the movies and this method is surely a biggest movement in the sector of internet subscription. The corporation is the worlds leading as well as largest network of internet television which has about 86 millions customers for over 190 countries. The customers subscriptions for the movies have the chance to watch the movies as many number of times they wish at any location on the screen connected to internet. The customers also have the facilities to play and pause the movies at their will without any commitments. The operation of the business is conducted by the company with the help of the segments like domestic video, international and domestic streaming. The company get the content from different studios and from the content providers with the help of fixed-fee license and agreements of revenue sharing linked with the direct purchase ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). The services of Netflix are been marketed by various channels such as online advertising, social media, television, radio and various other partnerships. The companys mission is is "Our appeal and success are built on providing the most expensive selection of DVDs an easy way to choose movies and fast, free delivery." The companys vision is to change the way people access and view the movies they love." Background of Institution History The starting as well as introducing the idea on Netflix was ignited at the time when Reed Hastings, a software executive was been charged 40 dollars as a late fee of returning the videotape of Apollo that was overdue. Software executive Reed Hastings then with the help of Marc Randolph established Netflix Incorporation in 1997. The Incorporation was established in Scott valleys in California. At the time of establishment Reed Hastings was been adjudged as chairperson of incorporation and Marc Randolph was taking the responsibilities as CEO of the company (Said 2016). During the foundation of the company DVD has started in the market and was not that popular. As many of the Normal, Mortal and Brick retailers failed in carrying out this form of media, therefore Netflix Inc was having a benefit for opposing the competitors by adapting and implementing the technology of DVD. The small size and light weight of DVD in comparison to VSH tapes helped in reducing the expense of shipping. Netflix started the operations in April 1998 by providing seven-rental movies in the format of DVD which was still solely new. Fortunately, DVDs were making strides in a brisk progression as clients turned out to be more educated about quality and in addition the accommodation of such an arrangement. In September 1998, Netflix already had amassed library having excess of 2000 titles. In the last week of September, Reed Hastings was been adjudged as CEO for Netflix and a significant increase in sales by demonstrating 10000 copies of president Bill Clinton's Grand Jury declaration in Clinton's Lewinsky issue that was been charged for two cents for each copy and additional $ 2 for transportation ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). On inverse side, Netflix got a few negative reputation and additionally negative press is been received from every media when little bits of their DVDs were discovered for containing explicit entertainment material. It was guaranteed by the DVD manufactures that it was just a mistake and information was been misplaced, the organization was to make a declaration where they state that they would be offering rentals entirely and never again take part in DVDs selling. In November 1998, the organization included Patty McCord in the team, and his designation was Chief talent officer. After two months, the organization appoints Neil Hunt and designated him as Chief Product Officer. Both McCord and Hunt had become the integral part of development as well as improvement for organisation (Fedrick 2016). Netflix Incorporations in March 1999 shifted the operation operations at Los Gatos in California which till date is headquarter of the company. Months after the fact, Netflix Incorporation included Barry McGathy in the list of talent as Chief Financial Officer. Netflix Company started model of subscription which Reed Hastings had planned on December 1999. The organization still uses the model in the recent time and providing DVD rentals to a low month to month expense of membership bY January 2000 the organization made an improvement and propelling of personalised movie and recommendation system of video which would alter every time the motion picture and sector of video rental. The framework was for aggregating the appraisals as the motion pictures and in addition recordings evaluated by other organization individuals and gone about as a wellspring of match making administration for the forecast of view motion picture tastes. In 2000 spring, the organization employed Leslie Kilgore as Chief Marketing Officer along with Ted Sarandos as Chief Content Officer. 2001 was special for the organization since they turned into the main online film rental administration to wander into finish and entire income offering contracts to DreamWorks SKG and also Twentieth Century Fox together with all inclusive studios. Likewise, Netflix Company declared partnership with Best Buy giving up presentation to chains of major electronics of around 1800 stores broadly. The year that took after which was 2002 in May, Netflix included its first offering of public (IPO) of 5.5 million offers for the cost of $15 per share. The organization likewise exchanged on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol NFLX. Right now, the organization had more than 600000 subscribers. In December 2005, the organization's subscribers had extended to a noteworthy 4.2 million subscribers, and following two years, Netflix Incorporation detonated to 6.3 million repeating customers up more than 51 % from 2005. January 2007 represented to be the most imperative circumstances for Netflix Inc. The organization reported that it would include another element which empowered films and additionally TV programs to be spilled with prompt impact to subscribers PCs. This element gave the organisation the competitive advantages over the other. As July 2009 drew closer, Netflix had already dealt with different essential business including much development and additionally benefits to their primary concern. The organization was presently a standard element on VIZIOs line of web TVs. Netflix, additionally, became accessible on Samsung as well as TiVos and also as a standard component on Microsoft Xbox 360 alltogether with Sonys plays station. The year 2010 finished with more than 20 million subscribers, and it is as of now present on no less as 200 distinct gadgets such as Apple's iPod touch, iPhone with iPad. Netflix Inc ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). is globally the first as well as sole organisation to give its entire library of streaming of movies to mobile devices. Rise of Netflix Changing Technology From 1997 the organisation introduced the rentals of online movies. The company achieved the growth slowly and the services expand from unlimited rentals for subscription of one month. In recent times the companys services is in 60 million homes of subscriber. The company also discovered the way of responding to the change in demand for more and more content in online (McDonald and Smith-Rowsey 2016). Netflix engaged in partnership with the companies doing business in electronics sector in order to have availability of content on the devices connected to internet. The streaming of the TV series was been made in reality by Netflix. The advantages of the video streaming provided by Netflix are: Low costs of operation Agility as well as efficiency Scalability Higher availability On the concerned of changing technology the organisation has already increased the bandwidth of the network and having upgraded equipments. The company summed up for 37% of the total bandwidth downstream internet in Northern America as the time of peak periods. The demands of wireless devices are also the same. The use of devices like phone, , e-reader, tablets and laptops has been increased in last decades (Dorfman 2016). Mobile device which is too shipped globally is projected for contributing near to 2million. Changing technology helps in reducing the caching of video edges present in aggregation network. The caching solution has the tendency of tracking the videos that are sent over Internet Service Providers pipes and the important contents of the caches copies. The request form any user is been answered quickly form cached copy which avoids it to reroute the path back. The implementation of services based on Ethernet QoS is also been conducted. Ethernet helps in providing wide granular bandwidth variety and the alternatives of QoS. Changing technology also helps in accelerating the application of technologies like NFV and SDN. Network Functions Virtualisations as well as Software Defined Networking helps in optimisation of traditional networks for the services of video streaming. Opertaing Online Netflix Inc provides organisation which is truly virtual as an alternative for classic television. The communication for the viewer is somewhat twisted. The methods of collecting data are been turns inside out in the same way. Therefore, no longer it remains as the network of television for selecting sample audience for supplying significant opinions and informations regrading the offered programs (Tryon 2015). The application of web 2.0 of television allows the company for collecting the information automatically and that concerns the use of individual and the service of company together with interaction of users on the companys advertising (Ciufoli 2015). Pricing Strategies Netflix took a decision on July 2011 for raising the price of monthly subscription on streaming services and combined DVD services. In order to make the service better the company split the services in two segments: Netflix due to streaming and Qwikster for DVDs (Murphy 2011). This two segments made the customers apply for both the accounts if they requires both the streaming and DVDS (Ip 2016). Customers respond swiftly and fiercely in the social media after the pricing strategies were been revised by Netflix. Netflix Innovations Open Connect Open connect helps in delivering 100 percent of traffic in the video. In recent times it is seen that around 125 millions hour per day is available for viewing. It is equivalent of tens of terabits for every second of traffic at the time of simultaneous peaks. The devices of open connect are the servers of custom building caching which are been placed in the information centres of the main ISP and exchanges of internet globally (Dimalanta 2016). The company invested in networks of content delivery that allows the company for the better supplier of content through internet and therefore the cost is reduced and the effectiveness is increased for Netflix and its Internet Service Providers partners (Kovas and Lansen 2015). Encoding Per-title Encoding per-title helps in delivering the videos of high qualities in the condition of low bandwidths. In the condition of low bandwidth encoding per-title helps in giving excellent quality of the video for titles having simple elements. Adaptive streaming This specific technology helps in adjusting the quality of pictures for ensuring that the picture is appearing is of the best quality in spite the speed of downloading by selecting encoded videos from set at different bitrates. Battling Buffering Netflix is trying hard for addressing the biggest issues faced by human during the access of the internet. This issues faced at the time of accessing the internet is called buffering. Netflix still remains the leader in the field of streaming services in spite of the fact that there is a report which stated the growth of the company is slow than expected in recent times. According to the report of May 2015 around 52.6 million of people in America are using the service of Netflix according to the data provided by Nielsen (Wang 2015). The data exhibits that the company is enjoying the dominant position still now as they are holding the advantage of first mover for the increase in competition of subscription video in the market. Netflix Strategy Netflix utilises the strategy by advertising as well as original programming. The organisation relies on the mouths words for providing excellent original content. Thewy utilises banners for the sake of advertisement. The media coverage helps in creating craving for subscribers and this ensure the dominant position of company still prevails. In the market of Latin America, company utilises the outdoor billboards. Localisation is been utilised by company for becoming sure that they are still the dominant in the market (Herring 2015). The method of localisation can be described with an example that if the organisation targets the market of Italy they will produce the show having Italian cast. Original programming as well as content plays significant role in the effort of the company for gaining more and more international subscribers for remaining dominant in their field. The organisation uses the library containing unique as well as original programs for attracting customers and ensur ing its dominancy in market. The company is enjoying the position to keep up alongside the ambitious plan for transmitting its rental corporation of DVD to the major ISP of provisions of streaming. Netflix Current Performance In 2015 the share of Netflix has been doubled and this helps in placing the stock at an adjusted split. This performance makes it the best performer in the year till date in the index of S P 500 ("Netflix : Financial Statements" 2016). The company gained successful quarter when it comes in the field of content. Besides the organisation gaining popularity for programming such as House of Cards third season as well as Unbreakable Kimmy Schimdt, the company has also upgraded the hardware technology to a higher level. In the year of 2015 the revenue of the first quartile was 1.57 billion dollars. Per share of adjusted earning was around 0.77 dollars and per share profit of GAAP was 0.38 dollar. The report of the organisation also stated that the total base of the user increased to 62.3million which is more than 4.9 million as compared to the last quarter of the last year. The increase of users was computed and found out that 2.3 million domestic individuals have subscribed as the user an d 2.6 million of non domestic individual have taken the new subscription. The company could have maintained the distribution service of DVD that is mail based as the segment contributed for 85 million dollars of profit in the first profit quartile as it contributes the generation of revenue up to 5 percent. Evaluating the balance sheet which starts from 31st March 2014 to 30th September 2016 it is been clearly seen that there is a steady increase in the growth of total assets ("Netflix, Inc. - Annual Report" 2015). In 2014 by computing it was found that the total assets amounted to be 6032503 dollars and on 30th June 2016 it was calculated the total assets is summing up to be 11593507 dollars. This increase was totally noteworthy and it was also seen the increase of the summed liabilities is also significant from June 2014 to 2016. Future of Netflix The organization is fixated on taking off more unique programming content instead of what most clients know. The organization planned of presenting over 600 hours of unique and original content that is amazing. The organization has likewise made a move to provide the content for every category of viewers. In upcoming years, the organization wants to raise the stakes. Netflix' vision for future is around 50% of the content would be made out of unique programming content. The organization's point concerning programs was to achieve a 50/50 part among unique programming and in addition authorized material (Auletta 2014). Netflix Inc. additionally made a declaration that they have already dealt with three digital Television organizations in order to make viewing Netflix as simple as altering channels. In this agreement, the cable organizations like RCN and in addition Grande Communications both with Atlantic Broadband is offering access for services of organisations which will be straight from set top boxes of TV. In future the subscribers will need to have specific TiVo box which is offered by organizations of cable, and they should have Netflix Inc. Account. The organization additionally has a plan of consuming through practically $1 billion in real money and additionally depends on obligation to continue powering development (Engel 2014). In future, organization will likewise square administrations that enable customers to sidestep the territorial limitations on what kind of substance they have they can see. The organization has arrangements of additionally discharging more shows in following quarters when contrasted with many systems and will incorporate more programming of mainstream. Conclusion Netflix Inc. is main subscription service provider for internet of films and TV show rentals. The organization has situated itself as an esteemed rival in the segment and has more than 20 million endorsers in United States and Canada. The motivation for beginning and thinking of the possibility of Netflix was started and touched off when software executive named Reed Hastings was been charged $40 for late expense for giving back video tape of Apollo. The changing innovation gives Agility as well as Efficiency, Scalability and high accessibility and in addition Low costs for operation. Netflix settled on a choice of raising its month to month subscription for consolidated DVD and additionally services of streaming. Their advancements incorporate per-title encoding, open connect and additionally buffering (Ani et al. 2017). Netflix remains pioneer services of streaming regardless that it announced a much slower than anticipated endorser development rate currently. Netflix utilizes the technique of promoting and unique programming Reference List Ani, F.G., Gnther, D., Wang, B. and Bondarenko, I., 2017. A StrategicManagement Analysis of Netflix Inc. Auletta, K., 2014. Outside the box: Netflix and the future of television.The New Yorker,3. Ciufoli, J., 2015.The Online Streaming Phenomenon - Netflix and the business model advocating for virtual work in the decadent industry of television broadcastin. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/online-streaming-phenomenon-netflix-business-model-virtual-ciufoli Dimalanta, C., 2016. Netflix Innovations: From Real-Time Viewing to a Buffer-Free Future. Retrieved from https://www.manilamillennial.com/2016/11/04/netflix-innovations-from-real-time-viewing-to-a-buffer-free-future/ Dorfman, A., 2016. 5 ways Netflix is changing telecom networks. Retrieved from https://www.telco.com/blog/5-ways-netflix-changing-telecom-networks/ Engel, L., 2014. Netflix, une rvolution?.Esprit,Octobre(10), 133. https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.1410.0133 Frederick., 2016.Netflix Company History.More Description. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.moredescription.com/netflix-company-history/ Herring, A., 2015.How Netflix is Winning at Content Marketing.Pace. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.paceco.com/insights/strategy/netflix-winning-content-marketing/ Ip, E., 2016, July. PRICING STRATEGIES FOR THE ONLINE MEDIA STREAMING INDUSTRY. In2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong(pp. 890-891). Kovacs, G. and Jansen, J., 2015. An Analysis of Strategies by Netflix in the Television Market. McDonald, K. and Smith-Rowsey, D. eds., 2016.The Netflix effect: Technology and entertainment in the 21st century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Murphy, E., 2011. Netflix pricing strategy. Retrieved from https://blogs.harvard.edu/cqtwo/2011/07/14/netflix-pricing-strategy/ Netflix : Financial Statements. (2016).Ir.netflix.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/financials.cfm?CategoryID=282 Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory. (2016).Successstory.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://successstory.com/companies/netflix-inc Netflix, Inc. - Annual Report. (2015).Ir.netflix.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1065280-15-6 NFLX - Netflix Company Profile - CNNMoney.com. (2016).Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=NFLX NFLX : Summary for Netflix, Inc. - Yahoo Finance. (2016).Finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/NFLX?ltr=1 Said, A., 2016. A Short History of the RecSys Challenge.AI Magazine,37(4). Tryon, C., 2015. TV Got Better: Netflixs Original Programming Strategies and the On-Demand Television Transition.Media Industries,2(2). Wang, C. (2015).Overwhelming majority of people watching streaming services still choose Netflix.CNBC. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/21/overwhelming-majority-of-people-watching-streaming-services-still-choose-netflix.htm

Multiple Sclerosis Not Everyone Who Falls Down is a Klutz free essay sample

This paper gives an overview of the symptoms and causes of multiple sclerosis. It includes illustrations of myelin sheathe damage, authors personal experiences with MS, and in-depth descriptions of three drugs commonly used to treat MS. This is a concise paper explaining the symptoms of MS as well as the difficulty involved with diagnosing the disease. It explains the cases for some accepted potential causes and also examines the different types of MS. The three drugs used most commonly to treat MS Avonex, Copaxone, and Beta-Seron are compared and contrasted, and the pros and cons are duly noted. Paper written by an MS sufferer who also details her own experiences with the disease. In normal human beings, the immune system will spot and attack threats to the human body, like viruses or harmful bacteria. In a person with MS, the immune system sees myelin as one of these threats. Immune system cells come into the central nervous system and start attacking the myelin sheath, creating an autoimmune response when the human body attacks itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple Sclerosis: Not Everyone Who Falls Down is a Klutz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On these demyelinated areas, lesions known as plaque develop. The plaques eventually turn into scar tissue, sclerosis, in many different locations, which is where the name multiple sclerosis comes from. Thus, people with MS are more or less walking around with scars on their nerves.