The Story of Amy Tan Essay Example for Free

The Story of Amy Tan Essay The tale about Amy Tans moms exertion to speak in compelling English with individuals regardless of her messed up or cracked English is in certainty exceptionally normal. I think numerous outsiders face this issue. Remarkably an alternate foundation their perspective outcomes into various Englishes. America has the most number of Englishes of the world as you can discover individuals from everywhere throughout the world here. I have seen individuals who dont pay attention to others who speak Broken English or in a specific highlight. Individuals utilize various Englishes all over the place; Spanish individuals have Spanglish, which is a blend of Spanish and English, Indian individuals have Hinglish, which is mix of English with Hindi the local language of India, etc. English is an all inclusive language it is spoken marginally extraordinary wherever which makes individuals have a color of foundation in their English. Why shouldnt individuals have their own color of foundation in their English? Individuals from various nations have distinctive culture, perspective and even accents which includes the color of foundation in their English. There is no uncertainty English will be spoken distinctively around the globe. English isn't just spoken yet additionally written now and again diversely around the globe. For example, the word Color Asians and British would spell it as Color. Truly, even the MS Word Spell Check has it featured it as this is an American Software and Americans dont spell it like that. The word Schedule is articulated as Sheadule. On the off chance that everybody was talking a similar English there wouldnt be any distinction in the event that you are from England, China or some other piece of the world. Everybody would sound the equivalent and would have a similar philosophy. The decent variety in English is in certainty something to be thankful for it shows ones social foundation and adds uniqueness to each nation. So its fine to have color of foundation in y our English. These colors in English create various accents everywhere throughout the world. All over the world as well as in America. There are various accents, for example, the individuals from Southern states have unexpected emphasize in comparison to individuals from the Northern. Not make any difference the highlight English is as yet transferable and can keep away from language clashes. Language clashes happen when there is no regular language of correspondence or as such when there are individuals communicating in various dialects and not every person knows about every others language. My companions family is exceptionally mainstream it comprises of Hindus, Muslims and Portuguese. There are around three distinctive communicated in dialects. To keep away from any language clashes they utilize a typical language, for example, English with the goal that everybody can see one another. There are a few people who get influenced by distinction in English; they are normally understudies from different nations concentrating in American Schools. These understudies frequently battle with grades in English in American Schools, which is because of various Englishes. Amy Tan discussions about how she battled with grades in English and got by effectively in Math and Science. This is valid on account of Asians as they have common tendency towards specialized subjects. The universes driving Electronic and IT organizations are stacked with Asians because of their common capacity. Asians in American Schools are generally directed away from composing towards Math and Science, which is the reason there arent numerous Asians Americans speaking to American writing. Amy Tan was a casualty of such directing towards math and science. Amy Tan was told by her previous supervisor that English composing was not her best expertise and she should sharpen her abilities towards account the exe cutives. In any case, she took the entirety of the negating suspicions that individuals made of her in an insubordinate manner and she over came it and succeeded. Its exceptionally irritating when individuals judge you by your experience. As on account of Amy Tan having Chinese foundation she was directed towards math and science regardless of her loving towards English composition. My following story is comparative it might be said that I was additionally decided by my experience instead of my abilities. I had quite recently moved from India to Canada and was hit with some immaterial decisions that individuals made of me because of my experience. The early introduction that I got from Canadians was that they werent mindful that Indians had the option to speak in familiar English as they can. I saw that individuals were attempting to converse with me such that I would comprehend them as though I didnt know English. I promptly educated them I can banter in a similar English that they talk. I was stunned because of people groups absence of information about underdeveloped nations. Its recently said that English is our subsequent language, howeve r in actuality English was instructed to us before than our own language. In spite of the fact that we took in our own language since birth, yet we truly began perusing and composing our own language from grade 3. Though we began perusing and composing English from Kindergarten level. My colleagues in Canada used to ask me whether we do Computer Programming in our own language since English isn't our first language to which I answered; Absolutely not, we utilize a similar English as you do, it may be a little extraordinary the manner in which we use it yet its a similar language. I was genuinely flabbergasted by the absence of mindfulness that individuals have about nations where the main language isn't English. I needed to demonstrate a point that individuals can be all around familiar with English regardless of whether their first language isn't English. Like Amy Tan I didnt precisely have any sort of disgrace in my story, as she feels a feeling of disgrace and pride in her story. She feels disgrace due to her moms broken English and pride as this is a direct result of her she is an eminent essayist; this is a result of her she got defiant in her life, needing to achieve something, demonstrate something! Also, she prevailing in her life she accomplished what she needed to accomplish. Despite the fact that, I had some pride in my story as I figured out how to change part of people groups sentiment and made old buddies forever and had one of the best a great time in Canada. I would finish up by saying that albeit English is differentiated far and wide because of language mentalities, contrast in highlight, foundation, Englishes or even ignorance somewhat, Its still the most transmittable or reachable language on the planet. I feel English is pretty much like cooking; the flavor of a similar food varies from locale to district and each area adds its own flavor to it.

Essay 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

1 - Essay Example This has much of the time came about to language boundary. I have ever needed to be disregarded. I had stopped various issues that I needed to illuminate. I had a few tests in front of me and my accounts had depleted. I chose to be not kidding and do the investigations to ensure I breeze through the tests. I went into my stay with the book, did my examinations and correction. I review this is the test I profoundly improved. Music is one of my best in the writing field. When am focused, exhausted, drained or even free I get myself either tuning in to music or singing a few tunes. Music settle my states of mind and gives true serenity. 2. Relational abilities are viewed as one of the fundamental aptitudes in the cutting edge society. Talk about the fact that it is so imperative to grow such aptitudes and whether it is workable for individuals to be prepared in this angle. Relational abilities help in the connection of individually or even by gatherings. The aptitudes unite individuals as the people have the information on the best way to relate and move toward others. The aptitudes produce boldness to people to confront others, drive away dread and make the cultural attachment need. Relational abilities incite cooperation as each gathering feels free while communicating with different gatherings. Initiative characteristics are too actuated. It is conceivable to prepare individuals on relational premise. The facilitator needs to simply empower bunch work and collaboration to the gatherings being prepared. Out of class preparing too encourages individuals to blend along these lines supporting the connections among the people. The progressions will be found in the urban communities of China. Innovation diffuses to all States of the world. Individuals are consistently prepared for any one of a kind change that benefits them. Ipods will make music versatile and thus great. 1. I was visiting New York a week ago and saw something I’d never pondered the city. Truly, nightlife is basically dead (and I’m not the slightest bit the first to see that). Be that as it may, day life †that crazy hodgepodge of hollers, prattle, bang, hustle and chutzpah that

E-Procurement And E-Logistics Free Essays

our site †CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING †Business Management Dissertation Ideas Dynamic In this paper, we investigate the e-acquisition and e-coordinations of the Dell Inc. Organization. This will incorporate a short outline of the organization, an investigation of its Customer Relationship Management, the Supply Chain the executives and an examination of the different programming projects utilized by Dell Inc in advancing its relationship showcasing. We will compose a custom article test on E-Procurement And E-Logistics or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Presentation Today, numerous individuals have found the centrality of E-business. Online business, otherwise called electronic trade alludes to business exchanges and correspondence by means of PCs particularly over the web and systems (Botha, Bothma and Geldenhuys, 2008: p.23). This includes purchasing and selling of administrations and merchandise, and move of assets among other business correspondences through the web, chiefly through the World-Wide Web (Botha, Bothma and Geldenhuys, 2008: p.23). Online business happens in various circumstances, for example, among organizations and clients (B2C), between one business/organization and another (B2B), and among client and client (C2C). It is mostly partitioned into two fundamental parts, which are e-acquisition and e-coordinations. E-acquirement is characterized as an electronic technique for leading business exchanges while e-coordinations alludes to the exchange of products sold over the web to clients (Botha, Bothma and Geldenhuys, 2008: p.24). An all around actualized e-acquisition framework is profoundly successful in interfacing organizations and different business forms with providers while running all cooperations between them. As indicated by Botha, Bothma and Geldenhuys (2008: p.23), the turn of events and progression of innovation, numerous organizations presently sell their items through PC innovation, which is a splendid method of causing organizations to diminish overhead expenses and arrive at a wide client base. In this way, e-acquirement benefits the entrepreneurs, yet in addition clients since they can shop without leaving their homes. Likewise, clients can without much of a stretch locate the most minimal cost of items when purchasing their merchandise by means of the web. In this paper, we investigate the e-obtainment and e-coordinations of the Dell Inc. Organization. DELL INCORPORATED Dell Inc. is a PC organization that was set up by Michael S. Dell, in 1984 (Krauss 2003: p.7). It offers a wide scope of innovation item classifications (Krauss (2003: p.8). These items go from PCs to administrations, for example, stockpiling arrangements. Likewise, it gives an assortment of administrations, which run from business administrations and configurable data innovation including item related help administrations, counseling and applications and foundation innovation (Krauss, 2003: p.8). As expressed by Levy (1999: p.20), Dell Inc. works in four worldwide business sections, which incorporate open, Large Enterprise, Consumer, and little and Medium Business. The organization structures its own items, makes and markets them, sells, just as supports a scope of items and administrations, which can be adjusted to singular prerequisites of clients (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.4). Dell Inc. is considered among the organizations that are generally beneficial. The organization offers the most creative client support, just as item custom design on the planet (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.5). Thus, the organization is confronted with the test of fulfilling the customers’ needs while keeping up a steady relationship with them. E-PROCUREMENT AT DELL Dell Inc. is broadly known for selling its PCs and others benefits through the web to different business (B2B) and to singular clients (B2C) (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.5). B2B alludes to business exchanges between one organization and another, for example, business clients, providers and merchants. The B2C alludes to business exchanges between an organization and buyers. Toward the start of the 1990’s, Dell Inc. endeavored to appropriate products by retailing. Nonetheless, the administration discovered later that this technique was unrewarding for business (Gattorna, 2003: p.51). Thus, Dell Inc. chosen to key on boosting its client assistance and administrations by permitting clients to make arranges legitimately (Gattorna, 2003: p.52). This was viewed as a one of a kind procedure for Dell customization. As of late, Dell Inc. improved its sourcing and purchasing forms by actualizing a main e-obtainment arrangement known as Ariba Buyer (Krauss, 2003: p.8). So as to facilitate the business forms between Dell Inc. what's more, its provider organizations, Ariba Buyer which is an e-acquirement arrangement is utilized. It is very valuable in robotizing and smoothing out sourcing. (Li, 2007: p.20). In prior years, making buy orders at Dell was an exceptionally arduous procedure since organization laborers rounded out structures for each buy procedure each time they requested a thing, which included gathering around ten endorsement marks (Li, 2007: p.21). The purchasers were then expected to return the information into two unique frameworks that incorporated a home-developed Access database and the inheritance buying framework. This paper-based procedure was trying for Dell to follow its buys by item, just as examine its buying designs as far as where, how much and from whom the provisions were purchased, thus the adjustment in its acquirement procedure. Hence, Dell Inc. executed an e-acquirement arrangement known as Ariba Buyer. E-acquirement empowered Dell to smooth out its providing base. This aided in the end of free thinker spending, just as normalization of the requesting forms for its providers. (Krauss, 2003: p.8). This was followed, by Dell’s move, to evaluate 3 e-obtainment frameworks relying upon five models. These rules incorporated an easy to use limit, cost-adequacy, and coordination with existing back-end framework (Krauss, 2003: p.8). Others included online business connects to the vast majority of Dell’s providing organizations, and similarity with the present IT approach of Dell servers (Li, 2007: p.20). As indicated by Gattorna (2003: p.50), near seven months were spent by the staff that were answerable for executing Ariba. This time was spent in creating twenty interfaces that would encourage association of Ariba purchaser with Dell’s inheritance frameworks. They made linkages for Ariba and Dell’s buy request, index information, cost focus, bookkeeping code approval, and worker information among different frameworks (Gattorna, 2003: p.50). This was made to determine that all the handled requests had been approved. This brought about a last item, which encourages making buys on the web. This item is known as Dell Internet Requisition Tool (DIREQT) (Gattorna, 2003: p.51). Presently, DIREQT has made it simple for Dell workers to finish buying orders online by loging into DIREQT Web webpage, just as directing scans for specific items, providers or administrations, which for the most part give exact status reports (Levy, 1999: p.23). Quickly, Ariba Buyer advances the inventory things and demand directly to the correct chief at the cost community who signs the request electronically. The framework at that point consequently makes an affirming tie before guiding it to a representative system. (Gattorna, 2003: p.51). Nonetheless, if the item requested is absent in the index, Ariba Buyer incorporates a Dell purchaser to source the item and hands over the solicitation for last marks (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.6). After the demand has been endorsed, it is moved to the Ariba Commerce Services Network (ASCN). ASCN is a mutual system framework that assists with interfacing with purchasers and commercial centers, on the Ariba Business to Business (B2B). Business stand (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.6). Ariba utilizes ASCN to impart its requests to providers, which incorporates dispatching through email, faxes, Extensive Markup Language (XML) and electronic information exchange (EDI) (Perret and Jaffeux, 2007: p.6). In addition, Ariba Buyer additionally quickens the installment procedure in Dell Inc. The receipts that Dell’s focal accepting office gets ready for products are brought into the association and coordinated naturally with the correct receipt. This is then taken care of into the framework by the record payable processors (Bothma and Geldenhuys, 2008: p.25). Likewise, the buyers make receipts of the administration given to them, which is additionally coordinated in a programmed way. Hence, this training assists with keeping away from the early daily practice of administration solicitations, which is tedious, when making buys for endorsement. As expressed by Botha, Bothma and Geldenhuys (2008: p.25), with the Ariba Buyer at Dell, the order process duration is probably going to be decreased by 62%, and diminish activity costs by 61%. Be that as it may, Dell Inc. accepts that it stands to profit for a bigger scope from the discernment into the purchasing procedure accomplished through joining customers’ data. Additionally, using Ariba, Dell can accumulate data important to assess its flexibly base and rethink key business to showcase correspondences administrations, office items and counseling, among a lot more sorts of consumptions (Gattorna, 2003: p.50). Client RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT As indicated by Perret and Jaffeux (2007: p.7), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is the creation and upkeep of relations with clients. The key point of Dell is to offer its clients mechanically solid client care prerequisites. Perret and Jaffeux (2007: p.7) contend that the product that help in assistance encourage Dell’s CRM incorporate showcasing robotization programming, a framework that benefits the deals, and specially crafted Web pages that contain buy information. As indicated by Ross (2010: p.88), today, one fifth of standard-based PCs sold on the planet is Dell’s item. The key idea of Dell Inc. is to sell PCs legitimately to clients. This will build their accomplishment in the comput

Descriptive essay: Harry Potter Essay

The delicate white floor covering that extends all through the house stops, at the entryway of the room. The chocolate earthy colored and finished, wooden floor replaces the rug. The room is encircled by earth tone hued dividers giving it a vibe of nature. On the dividers are particularly planned embellishment outlines that present a snappy proclamation. Rich common light radiates through wooden blinds of the window which is situated on the left half of the room. The full estimated bed is against the divider and has botanical sheets, cushioned pads, and example plans that supplement the subject of the room. The work area close to the bed is jumbled with pieces of paper, exercise manuals, and erasers morsels. Pencils, pens, and markers are conveniently positioned in a purple pencil box at the left corner of the work area. Two feet from the work area stands a tall inherent storeroom that is six feet from the foot of the bed. Over the storage room is the divider that has a whole segment filled about many collections of caught recollections. There is a short lived smell of an assortment of various scents bought at Bath and Body Works. The scents and creams are arranged on the shelf. The main line of the shelf has a music player and two picture casings of loved ones. The subsequent column is heaps of school course readings beginning with Pre-Calculus to AP Psychology and consummation with SAT exercise manuals. The last line has boxes loaded up with old photographs, bright paper, and an old, corroded heap of old school assignments. Close to the rack is an old stepping stool that distends from the divider contiguous the console. Embellishments like rings, neckbands, and wristbands are either hanged or set cautiously on the stepping stool. The dark and dim console remains close to the stepping stool and has a grouping of cleans lying on the outside of the white and dark keys. The top heap of garments contact the correct side of the console and the garments, are stacked on the comfortable white sofa holding on to be washed. The white lounge chair sits inertly against the divider, and a taller white shelf is close to it. The main column of the shelf has various collections with sorts like nation, pop, and exciting music holding up. The following three columns has books in a plan of books beginning with youth top picks, advancing to section books, and an assortment of various arrangement of books like Harry Potter, right to The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. The last line comprises of bright and inventively structured scrapbooks and yearbooks. This tall rack is additionally the rack close to the entryway, and parts of the bargains the customized room.

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia are Moral and Ethical Essay

Willful extermination is Moral and Ethical   â â â There has been a lot of discussion in ongoing American culture over the lawfulness furthermore, ethical quality of a patients right-to-die.â Current lawful sculpture disallows any type of willful extermination, be that as it may, there are numerous good and moral quandaries concerning the controversy.â For the reasons for this paper, I will characterize killing as the execution of a choice that an individual's life will come to an end before it need stop.â as such, it is a real existence finishing when it would in any case be prolonged.â There is a significant differentiation between willful willful extermination where the choice to end life corresponds with the people wishes and automatic willful extermination where the individual concerned doesn't have a clue about the choice and has not affirmed it in advance.â I will bargain explicitly with the idea of willful killing, for it appears to be natural that automatic killing isn't just unlawful yet in addition significantly improper. Adversaries contentions against willful extermination which neglect to validate their cases, numerous defenders contentions featured by the privilege to self-rule, and experimental instances of sanctioned killing all demonstrate the ethical authenticity of doctor helped self destruction.   â â â â Opponents of willful extermination for the most part point to three fundamental contentions which I will make reference to just for the motivations behind invalidating them.â First, many refer to the Hippocratic pledge which peruses, I will give no fatal medication to anybody whenever inquired, nor propose any such advice as motivation to restrict euthanasia.â â Clearly, the Hippocratic pledge condemns the training, in any case, I don't discover this as reason enough to dismiss the good permissi... ...deliberate killing will by one way or another snowball to automatic euthanasia.â It is additionally amazing confirmation that willful killing can be completed lawfully and with no extraordinary damages to society or people.   â â â â The unconfirmed cases of willful extermination rivals, numerous positive contentions supporting the ethical passability of killing, and the effective Dutch examination with legitimization all demonstrate that willful extermination is a real moral practice.â If we don't take into account singular self-governance in deciding the degree and degree of clinical treatment, at that point we are condemning some terminally sick patients to a last phase of life loaded up with hopelessness and wracked with unwavering pain.â Instead, the good and moral strategy is to allow patients who demand willful extermination the benevolence and help of a passing with pride. Â

Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy, and How to Sell Staplers

Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy, and How to Sell Staplers with BOLDNESS, CONFIDENCE, PASSION, FOCUS AND ENGAGEMENT. IAP has been a time of very well, different learning than I had during my first semester at MIT. The past two weeks have been surprisingly productive, tiring and relaxing at the same time. Ive learned that Python is like Javas rebellious younger cousin, you can only eat oatmeal for so long before you want to punch someone, and learned that snow is, despite its fine white appearance, really damn cold. Deceptive frozen water! Beyond these valuable life lessons, Ive also been lucky enough to take a wide assortment of classes that MIT offers over IAP, both for credit and not for credit. Ive been running between kickboxing classes, business seminars, programming classes and even photography workshops and finishing off my day in a breaded chicken induced coma after I crawl under my comforter and reevaluate my dinner choices. (Its not as bad as it sounds.) Over the past two weeks, Ive attended two different business seminar seriesthe first, Viral Marketing: Disseminating the Brand Message and the second, The Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans (ranked by INC Magazine as one of the 10 Best Entrepreneurship Classes in America.) Id say the classes are comprised of roughly 70% graduate students and 70% men, where the intersection of the two categories gives you this: Professor: Who is your favorite celebrity? Who is on the cover of the stack of magazines by your bed? Slightly Unshaven Slightly European MBA: I read the Economist so Ben Bernanke? Note: Ben Bernanke is not how viral marketing is born. And despite the business buzzwords (integrated marketing to build a viral events framework in a technology ecosystem), Ive found that analyzing the success of Rebecca Black, the Old Spice Guy and selling staplers is a science. Our professor attributes the success of viral phenomena to possessing one or more of these qualities: being a simple story, controversial or outrageous, amazing or unique, positive, timely, truthful, funny, branded, impersonal, magical, historic or tragic. Id call Friday something between unique and magical. The Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans has taken a bit of a different spin, bringing in guest speakers every class to impart some of their entrepreneurial wisdom onto a similarly comprised class. Beyond the technical process of writing up executive summaries and full fledged business plans, much of the class has to do with exuding those time-tested business values that deserve to be typed out like the confident executive urged us to do: with BOLDNESS, CONFIDENCE, PASSION, FOCUS AND ENGAGEMENT. (Thatll be fifty thousand dollars.) I also just finished up my Python class, 6.s090, that culminated in a project of your choosing, provided you invest your life trying to figure out why your global variable isnt doing what its supposed to be doing (hint: youre doing it wrong.) After many cups of knock off brand name cereal, my partner and I emerged victorious in creating our knock off Brick Breaker game: Not a bad two weeks at all. My biggest concern is fighting off scurvy, now that the walk to the supermarket is 40% slipping on ice and 60% slipping on rock salt. Wish me luck!

Describe Relationship Between Obesity And Hypertension - 825 Words

Describe Relationship Between Obesity And Hypertension (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND HYPERTENSIONStudents nameLectures nameCourse titleDatePART ADeMarco,V.G., Aroor,A.R., Sowers,J.R. (2014). The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(6), 364-376. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.44The authors use epidemiological data to analyze global obesity and high blood pressure. They find that obesity is as a result of mainly a combination of an increase in food intake and reduction of physical exercises. They use this global data on obesity to test their hypothesis that hypertension results from obesity. Obesity is becoming a burden in the world because about one billion people are overweight or obese. Countries like the USA have 33% of the population obese. Date obtained from Framingham Heart Study shows the relationship between hypertension and obesity. Analysis of data from the study supports their hypothesis. The number of cases of hypertension increases with increasing BMI in both men and women. The data indicates that in every increment of 5% percent of weight, there is a 20 to 30% increased risk of getting hypertension. Researchers also studied the mechanisms or the pathophysiology of increased hypertension among the obese. They link metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity to upper body obesity. Further studies in the 1980s revealed that an increase in the risk of developing hypertension is attributed to increasing waist-to-hip ratio. These complications which include hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance plus the abdominal obesity are the key causes of cardiorenal and metabolic syndromes. Reports from recent clinical trials suggest that a reduction of weight by 10% is an important non-pharmacological therapy of reducing high blood pressure. In this article, the authors review the pathophysiology of hypertension in obesity and relationship among many factors that contribute to the condition including dysfunctional immunity. They also hig hlight the treatment of hypertension due to obesity in patients.PART BFrom investigation made obesity is a preventable disease resulting from overweight. It is defined as excess body weight compared to height. From the data obtained from the United States National Library of Medicine, by 2030, about 20% will be suffering from obesity and USA alone will have an obesity prevalence of 85% (Bagchi Preuss, 2013). While the growth rate in most countries seems to have become zero, morbid obesity stills continue to increase. Obesity is a risk of hypertension. The criteria used for diagnosing obesity is the body mass index (BMI). A BMI of at least 30 is classified as obesity. Another criterion uses waist circumference measurements to find out abdominal obesity. A circumference of at least 94 cm is considered as abdominal adiposity in European men and at least 80cm is considered as abdominal adiposity in European women. The fat in the viscera is thought to be associated with metabolic distur bances predisposing the victims to cardiovascular conditions such as high blood pressure (Bakris Sorrentino).In children, obesity is classified differently from adults since the composition of the body changes as the child grows. This also varies between boys and girls. The most recent method of classification of obesity and overweight in children is known as the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. These guidelines show references from birth to early adulthood. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA uses the CDC growth references currently to highlight sex and age-specific BMI percentiles. At least 85th percentile and 95th percentile is defined as overweight for age and sex respectively, while 95th percentile represent obesity in children.Risk factors for obesity include excess energy intake, reduced physical exercise, excess or little sleep, stress, some drugs like steroids, genetics, some certain diseases such as Cushings disease. Environment al issues like viruses and living in desert regions poses a risk of obesity also. Among the many consequences of obesity in the body is a risk of developing hypertension. Research shows that obesity is associated with vasodilation, increased blood flow and hypertension (In Bray In Bouchard, 2014). Glomerular filtration, cardiac output, and sodium retention increases. All these lead to hypertension. At the same time, hormone leptin, produced mainly by abdominal fat t cause weight loss and reduce satiety causes hypertension by activating the sympathetic system (Zhou University of Ottawa, 2011). During this process, renal system is activated to alter the...

What Do We Know About Utilitarianism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 542 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Utilitarianism How is â€Å"good† determined: By what is best for the greatest number of people and by those consequences. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Jeremy Bentham Stuart Mill Major Strengths: Encouraging all human welfare and the end-justifies-the-means. Major Weaknesses: Finding all the consequences for all in society is complex. When do the end-justifies-the-means for all in society? Ethical Egoism How is â€Å"good† determined: By Self-interest and what will serve that person and solely that person. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Epicurus Major Strengths: Every person ought to carry out in self-interest no matter what the outcome. Encourages individual freedom and responsibility for their actions. Major Weaknesses: Contradictory to one’s own self-interest when related too all in society. Cannot show a consistent method of dealing with conflicts with others. Ethics of Care How is â€Å"good† determined: The theory that caring for others and sensitivity to others is important for a moral life. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Carol Gilligan Major Strengths: One should carry out with caring and compassion in all actions. A person should constantly consider others and the consequences of their actions towards them early. Major Weaknesses: May lead others to look at gender as a system to the guide as too who is best and not perfect equality of gender. May only change one incomplete theory with another incomplete theory. Kantianism How is â€Å"good† determined: Look at what’s good no matter what the consequences are to be positive/negative. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Immanuel Kant Major Strengths: Must be logical and not self-contradictory. Must still be effective to create a universal rule for all in society. Major Weaknesses: Works not to define away exceptions in every situation when competing obligations begin. Establishing what one can create a comprehensive rule for without exceptions. Prima facie Duties How is â€Å"good† determined: It is a persons moral obligation to perform various duties in society and they must serve those duties. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Sir William David Ross Major Strengths: Determine the act with the highest duties too societal duties. Do the act which has the highest degree for right over wrong. Major Weaknesses: Difficulty in figuring out what is always the most significant social duty. When does one duty outweigh another duty? Divine Command Theory How is â€Å"good† determined: Moral principles set down by a higher power or God/Goddess stating what is appropriate/unacceptable. Most Noted Philosopher (s): St Augustine Major Strengths: An all-powerful and all-knowing being/beings have set rules/commandments for a man to serve in any situation. By observing those rules/commandments they will have rewards in another life. Major Weaknesses: Difficulty showing proof there is a supernatural world. Inability to prove those higher powers will reward someone. Virtue Theory How is â€Å"good† determined: By a human being’s own character as a person. Most Noted Philosopher (s): Aristotle and Confucius Major Strengths: An exceptional character will require you to serve honorable accomplishments in life. By doing noble actions one will strive to be an honorable person with a full or accomplished life. Major Weaknesses: Seeking to verify if an individual does have a goal or purpose to exist. Convincing or not if humans are created with morals implanted or are, they picked up from events in development. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Do We Know About Utilitarianism" essay for you Create order

How Does The Change Of The Fall Protection System

The author of this paper used very little ethos while writing this paper. He mentioned once that he has experience in fall protection systems. The reason this is important to know is because the audience wants to be sure the person they are learning something that is life or death from is experienced. If they learned something like the fall protection system from someone who doesn’t have first-hand experience, there is a chance of wrong information which can result in a fatality. People tend to trust people with experience more than those who have no experience (Nelson 26). After Nelson mentioned his experience there is no sign of ethos in the paper. Nelson made the choice to not use ethos because his name is a well-known name when it comes to OSHAs guidelines, and his name should already be known. He also neglected to show his relevance to the subject and the audience because it should already be known. Scholarly reviewed articles go through so much editing and reviewing that it is known that the author is experienced and knowledgeable (Nelson 25-31). The audience of this paper is other scholars, and that changes the use of ethos a lot. Nelson didn’t see the need to show why he was qualified, because his audience is just as qualified. The lack of ethos shows his audience he cares more about the topic than his qualifications and accomplishments. Caring more about the topic of the paper causes people to trust what he wrote and take it for what it is, however this couldShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Safe Job Procedure Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHARNESSES AND SELF RETRACTING LANYARDS PURPOSE A Safe Job Procedure (SJP) is one of the Administrative Controls that we use to manage the existing or potential hazards that are identified in our operations. This SJP is a step-by-step instruction of how to fit and use harnesses and self-retracting lanyards. The purpose of this SJP is to provide a safe work environment, ensure uniform operational procedures and techniques, and to meet Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislative requirements.Read MoreSocial And Political Landscape : September 111670 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, which lead to social and political landscape changes (Morgan 1). The discussed change in landscape is increased â€Å"prejudice, discrimination, and desire for vengeance† by Americans towards anyone who would fall under the stereotypical image of a terrorist. The government and citizens all asked questions alike, â€Å"Why, how, and who did this?† The government had failed in doing its job as protector of its citizens. To act on this failure of protection, President George W. Bush â€Å"initiated warrantlessRead MoreA Brief Note On Information System Security Policy Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesInformation System Security Policy Joshua E. Neal Liberty University October 21, 2016 CSIS 341 B01-Fall Information System Security Policy In business today the business process is almost entirely ran using information systems. At the end of the last millennium business spent an estimated five hundred billion dollars fixing the Y2K bug (Svaldi, 2000, p 2048). This is an example of how important the information system has become to the business process. This is why information system securityRead MoreEssay on Physics of Rock Climbing1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdevice assists in bleeding off some of the energy from a fall. When a person falls, they have potential energy, which is transferred into kinetic energy as the person falls. This energy needs to be absorbed somewhere in order for the climber to survive the fall. Humans can survive no higher than 15 times their weight. Most of this energy is absorbed through the rope. Ideally, a belay device can dissipate up to 4kN of force from a fall. This varies with the rope age, size, angle of pull, andRead MoreCritical Analysis Paper On Nursing1442 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Reflective Analysis Paper The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon my original definition of nursing metaparadigm concepts critically, and to determine if any changes in my perception towards practice have occurred. The focus of the paper is to critically analyze the transformations that have occurred in my approach to practice. The critical analysis of nursing metaparadigm concepts has resulted in the transformation of my thinking regarding a person, nursing, and environment whileRead MoreKnow How National Initiatives Promote Anti- Discriminatory Practive1119 Words   |  5 PagesHow National Intiatives Promotes Anti-discriminatory Practice: How National Intiatives Promotes Anti-discriminatory Practice: By Paisley Cusick. The Children’s Act 1989 (2004) The Children’s Act 1989 (2004) The current child protection system is based on the Children Act 1989, which was introduced in an effort to reform and clarify the existing laws affecting children. The Children Act 1989 gave every child the right to protection from abuse and exploitation and the right to inquiriesRead MoreKey Differences Between Feudalism And Capitalism996 Words   |  4 PagesQ3. Drawing on Heilbroner, explain the key differences between feudalism and capitalism. Explain how Heilbroner discusses the rise and establishment of capitalism? In this short essay, I will explain few key differences between feudalism and capitalism based on Heilbroners book. They are as follows: the property rights (Land), the system of wage and labor (Workers), and the existence of competition. Additionally, I will discuss the rise of capitalism based on Heilbroner point of view. BothRead MoreEffective Information Security Policy Elements864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world today technology is used everywhere, no matter if it is personal or business. Although technology has become important for so many reasons, there is also a measure of security that must be taken for protection. Policies are put into place for protection the organization from fall into a pitfall. It has also helped the organization to build better relations with personals, and build growth within the cooperate industry. There a several ways business and personal users can protect theirRead MoreThe Reformation Of The Protestant Reformation798 Words   |  4 PagesPaying your way to heaven sounds nice does it not? During the time period of the Protestant Reformation you were able to do just that. When most people think of the Protestant Reformation it is often associated with a time of crisis for the Catholic Church. This specific time period challenges and characterizes the new direction th at would be taken in Western Europe. A specific moment in the beginning of the Protestant Reformation would soon lead to the development of early modern Europe, that momentRead MoreThe Fear Of Information Loss Prevention1719 Words   |  7 Pages What is Data Loss Prevention? Data Loss Prevention can be explained as â€Å"Data Loss Prevention, first hit the market in 2006 and gained some popularity in early part of 2007. Just as we have witnessed the growth of firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and numerous security products, DLP has already improved considerably and is beginning to influence the security industry. While DLP has been known by several acronyms, in simple terms it refers to technology or software developed to protect

Polyandry in Tibet Brothers Marrying the Same Wife

Polyandry is the name given to the cultural practice of the marriage of one woman to more than one man.  The term for polyandry where the husbands of the shared wife are brothers to each other is  fraternal polyandry or  adelphic polyandry. Polyandry in Tibet In Tibet, fraternal polyandry was accepted. Brothers would marry one woman, who left her family to join her husbands, and the children of the marriage would inherit the land. Like many cultural customs, polyandry in Tibet was compatible with specific challenges of geography. In a country where there was little tillable land, the practice of polyandry would reduce the number of heirs, because a woman has more biological limits on the number of children she can have than a man does. Thus, the land would stay within the same family, undivided. The marriage of brothers to the same woman would ensure that brothers stayed on the land together to work that land, providing for more adult male labor.  Fraternal polyandry permitted sharing of responsibilities so that one brother might focus on animal husbandry and another on the fields, for example.  The practice would also ensure that if one husband needed to travel—for instance, for trade purposes—another husband (or more) would remain with the family and land. Genealogies, population  registers,  and indirect measures have helped ethnographers to estimate the occurrence of polyandry. Melvyn C. Goldstein, professor of anthropology at Case Western University, in Natural History  (vol. 96, no. 3, March 1987, pp. 39-48), describes some details of Tibetan custom, especially polyandry. The custom occurs in many different economic classes but is especially common in peasant landowning families.  The eldest brother usually dominates the household, though all the brothers are, in theory, equal sexual partners of the shared wife, and children are considered shared. Where there is no such equality, there is sometimes conflict. Monogamy and polygyny are also practiced, he notes—polygyny (more than one wife) being practiced sometimes if the first wife is barren.  Polyandry is not a requirement but a choice of brothers. Sometimes a brother chooses to leave the polyandrous household, though any children he may have fathered to that date stay in the household.  Marriage ceremonies sometimes only include the eldest brother and sometimes all the (adult) brothers.  Where there are brothers at the time of marriage who are not of age, they may join the household later. Goldstein reports that, when he asked Tibetans why they dont simply have monogamous marriages of the brothers and share the land among heirs (rather than splitting it up as other cultures would do), the Tibetans said that there would be competition among the mothers to advance their own children. Goldstein also notes that for the men involved, given the limited farmland, the practice of polyandry is beneficial to the brothers because work and responsibility are shared, and younger brothers are more likely to have a secure standard of living.  Because Tibetans prefer not to divide the  familys land, family pressure works against a younger brother achieving success on his own. Polyandry declined, opposed by political leaders of India, Nepal, and China.  Polyandry is now against the law in Tibet, though it is occasionally still practiced. Polyandry and Population Growth Polyandry, along with widespread celibacy among Buddhist monks, served to slow population growth.   Thomas Robert Malthus  (1766  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1834), the English cleric who studied population growth, considered that the ability of a population to stay at a level proportional to the ability to feed the population was related to virtue and to human happiness. In  An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798,  Book I, Chapter XI, Of the Checks to Population in Indostan and Tibet, he documents a practice of polyandry among the Hindu  Nayrs (see below).  He  then discussed polyandry (and widespread celibacy among both men and women in monasteries) among the Tibetans.  He draws on  Turners Embassy to Tibet,  a description by Captain Samuel Turner of his journey through Bootan (Bhutan) and Tibet. Hence religious retirement is frequent,  and the number of monasteries and nunneries is considerable....  But even among the laity the business of population goes on very coldly. All the brothers of a family, without any restriction of age or of numbers, associate their fortunes with one female, who is chosen by the eldest, and considered as the mistress of the house; and whatever may be the profits of their several pursuits, the result flows into the common store. The number of husbands is not apparently defined, or restricted within any limits. It sometimes happens that in a small family there is but one male; and the number, Mr. Turner says, may seldom exceed that which a native of rank at Teshoo Loomboo pointed out to him in a family resident in the neighbourhood, in which five brothers were then living together very happily with one female under the same connubial compact. Nor is this sort of league confined to the lower ranks of people alone; it is found also frequently in the most opulent families. Polyandry Elsewhere The practice of polyandry in Tibet is perhaps the best-known and best-documented incidence of cultural polyandry. But it has been practiced in other cultures. There is a reference to the abolition of polyandry in Lagash, a Sumerian city, in about 2300 BCE. The Hindu religious epic text, the  Mahabharata, mentions a woman, Draupadi, who marries five brothers.  Draupadi was the daughter of the king of Panchala. Polyandry was practiced in a part of India close to Tibet and also in South India. Some Paharis in Northern India still practice polyandry, and fraternal polyandry has become more common in Punjab, presumably to prevent the dividing of inherited lands. As noted above, Malthus discussed polyandry among the Nayrs on the Malabar coast of South India.  The Nayrs (Nairs or Nayars) were Hindus, members of a collection of castes, who sometimes practiced either hypergamy—marrying into higher castes—or polyandry, though he is reluctant to describe this as marriage: Among the Nayrs, it is the custom for one Nayr woman to have attached to her two males, or four, or perhaps more. Goldstein, who studied Tibetan polyandry, also documented polyandry among the Pahari people, Hindu farmers living in lower sections of the Himalayas who occasionally practiced fraternal polyandry (Pahari and Tibetan Polyandry Revisited, Ethnology. 17(3): 325-327, 1978).

Analysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan - 1087 Words

Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679) is one of the most important philosophers of the modern age. He was associated with the most advanced thinkers of his time, Galileo, Gassendi, and Descartes. He was the first thinker of modernity that, from a psychological and anthropological analysis, attempts to establish the need for the civil state (Collins 2013). This is the subject of his most famous political work Leviathan, which is a compendium of all his philosophical thoughts (Collins 2013). Hobbes makes observations on human behavior and makes one understand that mankind is essentially a selfish animal and the basic formula of selfishness is survival. Hobbes viewed people to be pessimistic, selfish, egotistic humans; he believed humans were selfish creatures who would do anything to better their position for their own self interest. He also thought that people could not be trusted to make decisions on their own, and a country needed an authority figure to provide direction and leadership (Coll ins 2013). In Leviathan, Chapter XIII is where the essence of the Hobbes view on human nature is contained, which he prefers to call natural condition. Humans, he says, are naturally equal and this natural equality leads them to compete to satisfy their desire for possession, a fact that results in a permanent state of war of all against all (Collins 2013).Hobbes states that a state of war will ensue that it is every man against himself. Eventually the state of war will lead the people towardsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Leviathan Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesused natural law to explain the aspects of humanity, it was these men’s ideas who were key to the era of Enlightenment and life beyond it. Born on April 5 1588, Thomas Hobbes came to be known as one of the greatest philosophers in the world. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, he sets forth his ideas on government and law. Thomas Hobbes believed that all humans were born with sin. He believed that all hum ans were evil, cruel, greedy, and selfish. Even though he thought we were naturally evil,Read MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 2457 Words   |  10 Pages Laviathan, Thomas Hobbes most important work and one of the most substantial philosophical texts of the Seventeenth century, was written largely as a response to the political violence and turmoil of England’s civil wars. In Leviathan, Hobbes, using science and reason as a foundation, attempts to create a concrete and methodological solution for peace and political stability. In the context of a historically violent and fear stricken period in which Leviathan was written, it is logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests under a common power. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury writes profoundly on the arrangement of legitimate government and the structure of society by calling to attention the constant vying for â€Å"power after power that cea seth only in death† (Hobbes, 56). Through his depiction of human interactions, Hobbes claims that there is a perpetual longing for ease and protection, knowledge, and fame (Hobbes, 56-57). When desires are conflicting, Hobbes claims that there is fierce competitionRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1622 Words   |  7 PagesIt could be argued that Thomas Hobbes’s claim in Leviathan that a person has no right to challenge his sovereign’s law or decision is flawed because such judgements should serve public good. Since the sovereign power’s authority to make laws or decisions has its source in its subjects, these judgements should reflect what subjects think to be good or evil, instead of prescribing how people should think. However, this argument does not take into account that although there are cases where people canRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1891 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes writes that hu man beings’ state of nature is one of constant war. He claims that man’s fundamental natural instinct is that of self-preservation, and that this leads to a violent, â€Å"every man for himself† sort of world in which there are no rules, no morals, and all persons have the freedom to do as they please. In other words: our state of nature is anarchy, rampant with chaos and conflict. The only viable alternative to this, Hobbes argues, is voluntary subjectionRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s The Book Leviathan 1957 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes was a 17th century philosopher, who argued that human beings are fundamentally equal by nature, and we infer that humans live under the rule of absolute sovereign. â€Å"From that law of nature by which we are obliged to transfer to another such rights as, being retained, hinder the peace of mankind, there followeth a third, which is this that men perform their covenants made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes 89). Hobbes tri es to hold back peace, in order to make it seem like everyone is equal. This can createRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan And Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations1852 Words   |  8 Pages Most important among the many big ideas in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan and Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations are those that deal with human nature and how to create and maintain social order. In this paper, I will argue Hobbes’ lack of optimism, and Smith’s lack of pessimism in their theories of human nature, and will also discuss how our idea of social order changes once these aspects are taken into consideration. Hobbes’ theory of human nature begins with the statement that all men are createdRead MoreDo Metaphors Really Matter?1208 Words   |  5 PagesDo metaphors really matter? : An analysis of the use of metaphors in rhetoric Introduction Josà © Ortega y Gasset, a renowned philosopher once wrote: â€Å"The metaphor is probably the most fertile power possessed by man†. Metaphors form a pervasive part of rhetoric, because they have a great influence of our cognitive process. (Pauley, 2014) The use of metaphors in rhetoric is very common; as metaphors have the power to make people act despite the ideologies that are being put forth. In this essay, theRead MoreThomas Hobbes: Nature and Origins of Human Thought, Emotion, and Society2678 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: The philosophies of Thomas Hobbes are inarguably essential foundations in materialistic thought. Idealists during his time believed that there reality is made up of concepts and nonmatter. In response to the challenge of explaining concepts that seemed only explicable through idealist thinking (such as thoughts and emotions), Hobbes used logic and reasoning to develop materialist theories – some impressively similar in nature to neurobiology. His pessimistic views of society are drawnRead MoreThe s Claim That Freedom Within Nothing More Than The Absence Of Physical Or Legal Constraints1730 Words   |  7 PagesCritically assess Hobbes s claim that freedom consists in nothing more than the absence of physical or legal constraints. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes attempts to set up the stage for the understanding of the nature of freedom. The account holds much significance, because, what people understand freedom to be matters a great deal to their past and present life. According to Hobbes, freedom implies â€Å"the absence of opposition (by opposition I mean external impediments of motion) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes, 2005, P157)

Organizations Become More Global Free Essays

To some the word â€Å"Globalization† may seem a clichà ©. To others, it may appear an end in itself. Competitive pressures are creating the need for most companies to become Global. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations Become More Global or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization is one means for  becoming and remaining a world-class competitor — a goal encased in the mission statements of most corporations. When developing a globalization strategy, it is clear that the emerging markets present the greatest opportunity. The growth projections for Europe, Japan and the United States pale in comparison to some of the emerging markets. Emerging Markets Throughout the emerging markets an unprecedented consumer market boom is driving up demand for western-style goods and services. The largest segment of consumers in these markets is a decade short of its peak spending years. In India alone, sales of consumer goods are rising at 14% per year, while China is growing at almost 20% per year. Couple the consumer-spending boom with the still burgeoning need for infrastructure improvements and you’ll have a range of opportunities that extends into the trillions of dollars. Projects are planned or underway in many of these countries to upgrade transportation and  telecommunication systems, explore energy resources, build power generation facilities and provide health care facilities. In addition, the privatization efforts are presenting an incredible range of opportunities for investors, lending institutions, service providers and manufacturers. Four key trend influence emerging market potential There are four key trends that are influencing the emerging market potential: 1. Demographics: Overall world population growth is now concentrated in the  developing world. Where industrial nations are facing an  increasingly older population, the emerging markets remain  young. The developed world comprises only 11% of the world’s population. 2. Governments: Many countries that once relied on centrally planned economies are becoming market-driven. Industries that governments  previously restricted to foreign companies are now opening to foreign investment. 3. Communications: Access to the emerging markets is increasing due to huge  developments in communications technology such as the Internet and electronic commerce. Cyberspace represents a profound shift in the nature of communications as well as our perception of distance. 4. Urbanization: As infrastructure improvements are made, urban growth in the emerging markets will continue to explode.  Estimates indicate that the emerging markets’ share of world imports will double by the year 2010, rising to over 38%. Companies dazzled by the magnitude of these numbers must be equipped with the appropriate knowledge, information, and strategy to make its market forays successful. MACRO LEVEL Industry Globalization is due to such factors as : †¢ Level of international trade †¢ Intensity of international competition †¢ Worldwide product standardization †¢ Presence of key competitors in all key international markets. †¢ Intra-firm trade †¢ Technological intensity †¢ International linkages of value-added activities among countries †¢International integration of value-added activities among countries †¢ WORLDWIDE FREETRADE AGREEMENTS †¢ WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC REFORMS †¢ WORLWIDE FINANCIAL REFORMS †¢ REMOVAL TARIFF BARRIERS BY COUNTRIES †¢ REMOVAL OF SUBSIDIES COUNTRIES †¢ ETC ETC ==================================================== THE PUSH FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATION Market Drivers †¢ Per capita income converging among industrial nations †¢ Convergence of lifestyles and taste †¢ Growth of global and regional channels †¢ Establishment of world brands †¢ Spread of global and regional media Cost Drivers †¢ Continuing push for economies of scale ( but offset by flexible manufacturing) †¢ Accelerating technological innovation †¢ Advances in transportation (e.g., use of FedEx to deliver urgent supplies from one continent to another) †¢ Emergence of newly industrializing countries with productive capability and low labor costs (e.g., China, India and Indonesia) How to cite Organizations Become More Global, Papers

Internet in the Market Is Netflix INCâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Will Netflix Remain The Dominant Provider Of Online Video Streaming? Answer: Introduction The leading subscription of internet in the Management is Netflix Inc. They are providing service for movies and rentals for TV shows. In United States and Canada the company has already established itself in their specific sector as valued competitor. It has near about 20 million subscribers in the above mentioned country. Netflix Inc is offering a huge library in the box-office hits accompanied with the TV shows which has won the awards and the timeless classics for the subscribers. The subscribers have the access to stream unlimited content through the internet by paying 7.99 dollars per month. If there is unavailability of streaming the company supplies the content in DVD version that could be overnight shipped. The revolution has been introduced by Netflix by renting the movies and this method is surely a biggest movement in the sector of internet subscription. The corporation is the worlds leading as well as largest network of internet television which has about 86 millions customers for over 190 countries. The customers subscriptions for the movies have the chance to watch the movies as many number of times they wish at any location on the screen connected to internet. The customers also have the facilities to play and pause the movies at their will without any commitments. The operation of the business is conducted by the company with the help of the segments like domestic video, international and domestic streaming. The company get the content from different studios and from the content providers with the help of fixed-fee license and agreements of revenue sharing linked with the direct purchase ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). The services of Netflix are been marketed by various channels such as online advertising, social media, television, radio and various other partnerships. The companys mission is is "Our appeal and success are built on providing the most expensive selection of DVDs an easy way to choose movies and fast, free delivery." The companys vision is to change the way people access and view the movies they love." Background of Institution History The starting as well as introducing the idea on Netflix was ignited at the time when Reed Hastings, a software executive was been charged 40 dollars as a late fee of returning the videotape of Apollo that was overdue. Software executive Reed Hastings then with the help of Marc Randolph established Netflix Incorporation in 1997. The Incorporation was established in Scott valleys in California. At the time of establishment Reed Hastings was been adjudged as chairperson of incorporation and Marc Randolph was taking the responsibilities as CEO of the company (Said 2016). During the foundation of the company DVD has started in the market and was not that popular. As many of the Normal, Mortal and Brick retailers failed in carrying out this form of media, therefore Netflix Inc was having a benefit for opposing the competitors by adapting and implementing the technology of DVD. The small size and light weight of DVD in comparison to VSH tapes helped in reducing the expense of shipping. Netflix started the operations in April 1998 by providing seven-rental movies in the format of DVD which was still solely new. Fortunately, DVDs were making strides in a brisk progression as clients turned out to be more educated about quality and in addition the accommodation of such an arrangement. In September 1998, Netflix already had amassed library having excess of 2000 titles. In the last week of September, Reed Hastings was been adjudged as CEO for Netflix and a significant increase in sales by demonstrating 10000 copies of president Bill Clinton's Grand Jury declaration in Clinton's Lewinsky issue that was been charged for two cents for each copy and additional $ 2 for transportation ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). On inverse side, Netflix got a few negative reputation and additionally negative press is been received from every media when little bits of their DVDs were discovered for containing explicit entertainment material. It was guaranteed by the DVD manufactures that it was just a mistake and information was been misplaced, the organization was to make a declaration where they state that they would be offering rentals entirely and never again take part in DVDs selling. In November 1998, the organization included Patty McCord in the team, and his designation was Chief talent officer. After two months, the organization appoints Neil Hunt and designated him as Chief Product Officer. Both McCord and Hunt had become the integral part of development as well as improvement for organisation (Fedrick 2016). Netflix Incorporations in March 1999 shifted the operation operations at Los Gatos in California which till date is headquarter of the company. Months after the fact, Netflix Incorporation included Barry McGathy in the list of talent as Chief Financial Officer. Netflix Company started model of subscription which Reed Hastings had planned on December 1999. The organization still uses the model in the recent time and providing DVD rentals to a low month to month expense of membership bY January 2000 the organization made an improvement and propelling of personalised movie and recommendation system of video which would alter every time the motion picture and sector of video rental. The framework was for aggregating the appraisals as the motion pictures and in addition recordings evaluated by other organization individuals and gone about as a wellspring of match making administration for the forecast of view motion picture tastes. In 2000 spring, the organization employed Leslie Kilgore as Chief Marketing Officer along with Ted Sarandos as Chief Content Officer. 2001 was special for the organization since they turned into the main online film rental administration to wander into finish and entire income offering contracts to DreamWorks SKG and also Twentieth Century Fox together with all inclusive studios. Likewise, Netflix Company declared partnership with Best Buy giving up presentation to chains of major electronics of around 1800 stores broadly. The year that took after which was 2002 in May, Netflix included its first offering of public (IPO) of 5.5 million offers for the cost of $15 per share. The organization likewise exchanged on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol NFLX. Right now, the organization had more than 600000 subscribers. In December 2005, the organization's subscribers had extended to a noteworthy 4.2 million subscribers, and following two years, Netflix Incorporation detonated to 6.3 million repeating customers up more than 51 % from 2005. January 2007 represented to be the most imperative circumstances for Netflix Inc. The organization reported that it would include another element which empowered films and additionally TV programs to be spilled with prompt impact to subscribers PCs. This element gave the organisation the competitive advantages over the other. As July 2009 drew closer, Netflix had already dealt with different essential business including much development and additionally benefits to their primary concern. The organization was presently a standard element on VIZIOs line of web TVs. Netflix, additionally, became accessible on Samsung as well as TiVos and also as a standard component on Microsoft Xbox 360 alltogether with Sonys plays station. The year 2010 finished with more than 20 million subscribers, and it is as of now present on no less as 200 distinct gadgets such as Apple's iPod touch, iPhone with iPad. Netflix Inc ("Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory" 2016). is globally the first as well as sole organisation to give its entire library of streaming of movies to mobile devices. Rise of Netflix Changing Technology From 1997 the organisation introduced the rentals of online movies. The company achieved the growth slowly and the services expand from unlimited rentals for subscription of one month. In recent times the companys services is in 60 million homes of subscriber. The company also discovered the way of responding to the change in demand for more and more content in online (McDonald and Smith-Rowsey 2016). Netflix engaged in partnership with the companies doing business in electronics sector in order to have availability of content on the devices connected to internet. The streaming of the TV series was been made in reality by Netflix. The advantages of the video streaming provided by Netflix are: Low costs of operation Agility as well as efficiency Scalability Higher availability On the concerned of changing technology the organisation has already increased the bandwidth of the network and having upgraded equipments. The company summed up for 37% of the total bandwidth downstream internet in Northern America as the time of peak periods. The demands of wireless devices are also the same. The use of devices like phone, , e-reader, tablets and laptops has been increased in last decades (Dorfman 2016). Mobile device which is too shipped globally is projected for contributing near to 2million. Changing technology helps in reducing the caching of video edges present in aggregation network. The caching solution has the tendency of tracking the videos that are sent over Internet Service Providers pipes and the important contents of the caches copies. The request form any user is been answered quickly form cached copy which avoids it to reroute the path back. The implementation of services based on Ethernet QoS is also been conducted. Ethernet helps in providing wide granular bandwidth variety and the alternatives of QoS. Changing technology also helps in accelerating the application of technologies like NFV and SDN. Network Functions Virtualisations as well as Software Defined Networking helps in optimisation of traditional networks for the services of video streaming. Opertaing Online Netflix Inc provides organisation which is truly virtual as an alternative for classic television. The communication for the viewer is somewhat twisted. The methods of collecting data are been turns inside out in the same way. Therefore, no longer it remains as the network of television for selecting sample audience for supplying significant opinions and informations regrading the offered programs (Tryon 2015). The application of web 2.0 of television allows the company for collecting the information automatically and that concerns the use of individual and the service of company together with interaction of users on the companys advertising (Ciufoli 2015). Pricing Strategies Netflix took a decision on July 2011 for raising the price of monthly subscription on streaming services and combined DVD services. In order to make the service better the company split the services in two segments: Netflix due to streaming and Qwikster for DVDs (Murphy 2011). This two segments made the customers apply for both the accounts if they requires both the streaming and DVDS (Ip 2016). Customers respond swiftly and fiercely in the social media after the pricing strategies were been revised by Netflix. Netflix Innovations Open Connect Open connect helps in delivering 100 percent of traffic in the video. In recent times it is seen that around 125 millions hour per day is available for viewing. It is equivalent of tens of terabits for every second of traffic at the time of simultaneous peaks. The devices of open connect are the servers of custom building caching which are been placed in the information centres of the main ISP and exchanges of internet globally (Dimalanta 2016). The company invested in networks of content delivery that allows the company for the better supplier of content through internet and therefore the cost is reduced and the effectiveness is increased for Netflix and its Internet Service Providers partners (Kovas and Lansen 2015). Encoding Per-title Encoding per-title helps in delivering the videos of high qualities in the condition of low bandwidths. In the condition of low bandwidth encoding per-title helps in giving excellent quality of the video for titles having simple elements. Adaptive streaming This specific technology helps in adjusting the quality of pictures for ensuring that the picture is appearing is of the best quality in spite the speed of downloading by selecting encoded videos from set at different bitrates. Battling Buffering Netflix is trying hard for addressing the biggest issues faced by human during the access of the internet. This issues faced at the time of accessing the internet is called buffering. Netflix still remains the leader in the field of streaming services in spite of the fact that there is a report which stated the growth of the company is slow than expected in recent times. According to the report of May 2015 around 52.6 million of people in America are using the service of Netflix according to the data provided by Nielsen (Wang 2015). The data exhibits that the company is enjoying the dominant position still now as they are holding the advantage of first mover for the increase in competition of subscription video in the market. Netflix Strategy Netflix utilises the strategy by advertising as well as original programming. The organisation relies on the mouths words for providing excellent original content. Thewy utilises banners for the sake of advertisement. The media coverage helps in creating craving for subscribers and this ensure the dominant position of company still prevails. In the market of Latin America, company utilises the outdoor billboards. Localisation is been utilised by company for becoming sure that they are still the dominant in the market (Herring 2015). The method of localisation can be described with an example that if the organisation targets the market of Italy they will produce the show having Italian cast. Original programming as well as content plays significant role in the effort of the company for gaining more and more international subscribers for remaining dominant in their field. The organisation uses the library containing unique as well as original programs for attracting customers and ensur ing its dominancy in market. The company is enjoying the position to keep up alongside the ambitious plan for transmitting its rental corporation of DVD to the major ISP of provisions of streaming. Netflix Current Performance In 2015 the share of Netflix has been doubled and this helps in placing the stock at an adjusted split. This performance makes it the best performer in the year till date in the index of S P 500 ("Netflix : Financial Statements" 2016). The company gained successful quarter when it comes in the field of content. Besides the organisation gaining popularity for programming such as House of Cards third season as well as Unbreakable Kimmy Schimdt, the company has also upgraded the hardware technology to a higher level. In the year of 2015 the revenue of the first quartile was 1.57 billion dollars. Per share of adjusted earning was around 0.77 dollars and per share profit of GAAP was 0.38 dollar. The report of the organisation also stated that the total base of the user increased to 62.3million which is more than 4.9 million as compared to the last quarter of the last year. The increase of users was computed and found out that 2.3 million domestic individuals have subscribed as the user an d 2.6 million of non domestic individual have taken the new subscription. The company could have maintained the distribution service of DVD that is mail based as the segment contributed for 85 million dollars of profit in the first profit quartile as it contributes the generation of revenue up to 5 percent. Evaluating the balance sheet which starts from 31st March 2014 to 30th September 2016 it is been clearly seen that there is a steady increase in the growth of total assets ("Netflix, Inc. - Annual Report" 2015). In 2014 by computing it was found that the total assets amounted to be 6032503 dollars and on 30th June 2016 it was calculated the total assets is summing up to be 11593507 dollars. This increase was totally noteworthy and it was also seen the increase of the summed liabilities is also significant from June 2014 to 2016. Future of Netflix The organization is fixated on taking off more unique programming content instead of what most clients know. The organization planned of presenting over 600 hours of unique and original content that is amazing. The organization has likewise made a move to provide the content for every category of viewers. In upcoming years, the organization wants to raise the stakes. Netflix' vision for future is around 50% of the content would be made out of unique programming content. The organization's point concerning programs was to achieve a 50/50 part among unique programming and in addition authorized material (Auletta 2014). Netflix Inc. additionally made a declaration that they have already dealt with three digital Television organizations in order to make viewing Netflix as simple as altering channels. In this agreement, the cable organizations like RCN and in addition Grande Communications both with Atlantic Broadband is offering access for services of organisations which will be straight from set top boxes of TV. In future the subscribers will need to have specific TiVo box which is offered by organizations of cable, and they should have Netflix Inc. Account. The organization additionally has a plan of consuming through practically $1 billion in real money and additionally depends on obligation to continue powering development (Engel 2014). In future, organization will likewise square administrations that enable customers to sidestep the territorial limitations on what kind of substance they have they can see. The organization has arrangements of additionally discharging more shows in following quarters when contrasted with many systems and will incorporate more programming of mainstream. Conclusion Netflix Inc. is main subscription service provider for internet of films and TV show rentals. The organization has situated itself as an esteemed rival in the segment and has more than 20 million endorsers in United States and Canada. The motivation for beginning and thinking of the possibility of Netflix was started and touched off when software executive named Reed Hastings was been charged $40 for late expense for giving back video tape of Apollo. The changing innovation gives Agility as well as Efficiency, Scalability and high accessibility and in addition Low costs for operation. Netflix settled on a choice of raising its month to month subscription for consolidated DVD and additionally services of streaming. Their advancements incorporate per-title encoding, open connect and additionally buffering (Ani et al. 2017). Netflix remains pioneer services of streaming regardless that it announced a much slower than anticipated endorser development rate currently. Netflix utilizes the technique of promoting and unique programming Reference List Ani, F.G., Gnther, D., Wang, B. and Bondarenko, I., 2017. A StrategicManagement Analysis of Netflix Inc. Auletta, K., 2014. Outside the box: Netflix and the future of television.The New Yorker,3. Ciufoli, J., 2015.The Online Streaming Phenomenon - Netflix and the business model advocating for virtual work in the decadent industry of television broadcastin. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/online-streaming-phenomenon-netflix-business-model-virtual-ciufoli Dimalanta, C., 2016. Netflix Innovations: From Real-Time Viewing to a Buffer-Free Future. Retrieved from https://www.manilamillennial.com/2016/11/04/netflix-innovations-from-real-time-viewing-to-a-buffer-free-future/ Dorfman, A., 2016. 5 ways Netflix is changing telecom networks. Retrieved from https://www.telco.com/blog/5-ways-netflix-changing-telecom-networks/ Engel, L., 2014. Netflix, une rvolution?.Esprit,Octobre(10), 133. https://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.1410.0133 Frederick., 2016.Netflix Company History.More Description. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.moredescription.com/netflix-company-history/ Herring, A., 2015.How Netflix is Winning at Content Marketing.Pace. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.paceco.com/insights/strategy/netflix-winning-content-marketing/ Ip, E., 2016, July. PRICING STRATEGIES FOR THE ONLINE MEDIA STREAMING INDUSTRY. In2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong(pp. 890-891). Kovacs, G. and Jansen, J., 2015. An Analysis of Strategies by Netflix in the Television Market. McDonald, K. and Smith-Rowsey, D. eds., 2016.The Netflix effect: Technology and entertainment in the 21st century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Murphy, E., 2011. Netflix pricing strategy. Retrieved from https://blogs.harvard.edu/cqtwo/2011/07/14/netflix-pricing-strategy/ Netflix : Financial Statements. (2016).Ir.netflix.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/financials.cfm?CategoryID=282 Netflix Story - Profile, History, Founder, CEO | Media Companies | SuccessStory. (2016).Successstory.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://successstory.com/companies/netflix-inc Netflix, Inc. - Annual Report. (2015).Ir.netflix.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1065280-15-6 NFLX - Netflix Company Profile - CNNMoney.com. (2016).Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=NFLX NFLX : Summary for Netflix, Inc. - Yahoo Finance. (2016).Finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/NFLX?ltr=1 Said, A., 2016. A Short History of the RecSys Challenge.AI Magazine,37(4). Tryon, C., 2015. TV Got Better: Netflixs Original Programming Strategies and the On-Demand Television Transition.Media Industries,2(2). Wang, C. (2015).Overwhelming majority of people watching streaming services still choose Netflix.CNBC. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/21/overwhelming-majority-of-people-watching-streaming-services-still-choose-netflix.htm

Multiple Sclerosis Not Everyone Who Falls Down is a Klutz free essay sample

This paper gives an overview of the symptoms and causes of multiple sclerosis. It includes illustrations of myelin sheathe damage, authors personal experiences with MS, and in-depth descriptions of three drugs commonly used to treat MS. This is a concise paper explaining the symptoms of MS as well as the difficulty involved with diagnosing the disease. It explains the cases for some accepted potential causes and also examines the different types of MS. The three drugs used most commonly to treat MS Avonex, Copaxone, and Beta-Seron are compared and contrasted, and the pros and cons are duly noted. Paper written by an MS sufferer who also details her own experiences with the disease. In normal human beings, the immune system will spot and attack threats to the human body, like viruses or harmful bacteria. In a person with MS, the immune system sees myelin as one of these threats. Immune system cells come into the central nervous system and start attacking the myelin sheath, creating an autoimmune response when the human body attacks itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple Sclerosis: Not Everyone Who Falls Down is a Klutz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On these demyelinated areas, lesions known as plaque develop. The plaques eventually turn into scar tissue, sclerosis, in many different locations, which is where the name multiple sclerosis comes from. Thus, people with MS are more or less walking around with scars on their nerves.

Griffith Observatory Report Essays - Radiation, Planetary Science

Griffith Observatory Report Essays - Radiation, Planetary Science June 30, 2015 Astronomy Griffith Observatory Report After going to Griffith Observatory, I feel I had learned almost too many facts. The exhibits, as well as the workers who were walking around, answered most of my questions. I was able to clear up any misunderstandings I had before. Living right next to the beach, I had to get used to the tides raising and lowering. The waves would always grow much bigger during the late afternoon. I learned that this happens because of the gravitational pull from the Moon and the Sun. The Observatory has this enormous layout of deep space on the wall of one of the rooms, called The Big Picture. This is the largest astronomical image ever put on display. Embedded in the picture are hundreds of thousands of stars from our own Milky Way Galaxy, along with a million other galaxies, and nearly a thousand quasars. I also learned that the photo was taken with the Samuel Oschin Telescope, by a team of astronomers from Caltech and Yale, observing the sky in the constellation Virgo. The Moon, 238,000 miles away, has craters from billions of years of impacts. The Moons smooth plains, like Mare Imbrium, are ancient lava flows. Also, it is believed that the Moon formed when something collided with Earth, meaning they are closely related. The Observatory also holds a piece of the biggest rock taken from the Moon, as a sample. Big Bertha is a 19.8 pound moon rock collected by the Apollo 14 mission. Comet dust, as well as other tiny pieces from asteroids, is smaller than grains of sand. I learned that some space-dust particles begin their journey to Earth after being hit by hit by another asteroid, or shed from a comet passing near the Sun. Also, the larger space-dust particles fall through our atmosphere and flash as meteors we see in the sky. This happens plenty during meteor showers. Another thing I learned is that most space dust is vaporized before it reaches Earths surface. Asteroids that melt can separate into several layers, including an iron core. Also, when objects in space run into one another at high speeds, they generate an enormous amount of energy on impact... enough to heat them and break them into pieces. When a star explodes, or even when the Sun erupts in a flare, protons and electrons are shot away as cosmic rays. These rays travel across space at really high velocities, always coming in contact with Earth. I also learned that cosmic rays are not rays, but high-energy particles from space. Also, muons and other secondary rays are created when cosmic rays collide with gas molecules in our upper atmosphere.

Probability Questions on ACT Math Strategies and Practice

Probability Questions on ACT Math Strategies and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the probability that you’ll toss a coin and get heads? What about twice in a row? Three times? Probability questions ask you determine the likelihood that an event or any number of events is to occur, and the more you practice, the better your odds will be at mastering these types of questions on the ACT (see what we did there?). This will be your complete guide to probability on the ACT- how probability works, the different types of probability questions you’ll see on the test, and the steps you’ll need to take to solve them. What Does Probability Mean? $\Probability = {\desired \outcome}/{\all \possible \outcomes}$ On the ACT, probability questions can be framed in several different ways. You may be asked to find the â€Å"probability† that an event will occur, the â€Å"chances,† the â€Å"odds,† or the â€Å"likelihood.† But no matter how you see it written on the test, these are all ways of asking for the same thing. The way we represent the probability of an event (or events) is to express, as a fraction, how often that event occurs over the total number of possible outcomes. So if we use our example from above- †What are the odds that you’ll flip a coin and get heads?†- the odds will be: ${\desired \outcome}/{\all \possible \outcomes}$ $1/2$ In this one throw, there is one possible chance of getting heads. This means our denominator is 1. There are also two possible outcomes total (heads or tails), which means that our denominator will be 2. Now let’s take a look at another example: Mara is stringing a necklace and she selects each bead at random from a basket of beads. If there are currently 5, yellow beads, 10 red beads, 15 green beads, and 20 blue beads in the basket, what are the chances that she will select a red bead next? ${\desired \outcome}/{\all \possible \outcomes}$ There are 10 red beads, which is our desired outcome. This means 10 is our numerator. There are also a total of $5 \yellow \beads + 10 \red \beads + 15 \green \beads + 20 \blue \beads = 50 \total \beads$ in the basket. This is our denominator, as it represents all the outcomes possible. When we put these together, our probability is: $10/50$ $1/5$ The chances that Mara will select a red bead are 1 in 5 or $1/5$. Now what if we framed our desired outcome as a negative? What are the odds that Mara will NOT select a green bead? In order to find a negative probability, we must subtract out the chances that Mara will draw a green bead. (We could also think of this as finding the desired outcome of her selecting a yellow bead, a red bead or a blue bead, which we will cover in more detail in the next section.) There are only yellow, red, green, and blue beads, so we can add up our odds of yellow, red and blue beads, excluding the green. There are 5 yellow beads, 10 red beads and 20 blue beads, so we can put those together to get our numerator. $5 + 10 + 20 = 35$ And there are still $5 + 10 + 15 + 20 = 50$ beads total for our denominator. So what are the odds that Mara will NOT select a green bead? $35/50$ $7/10$ The odds are 7 in 10 ($7/10$) that Mara will draw any color bead except green. Expressing Probabilities As you can see, probabilities are expressed as fractions. This means that an event that will always and absolutely occur will have a probability of $1/1$ or 1. On the other hand, an impossible event will have a probability of $0/x$ or 0. You can also think about probabilities as percentages. If the odds are $4/52$ that you’ll draw an ace from a deck of cards, it’s the same as saying that there is a 7.69% chance that you will draw an ace. Why? Because $4 à · 52 = 0.0769$, and $0.0769 * 100 = 7.69%$. The possibilities are (not quite) endless. Either/Or Probability ${\probability \of \either \event = [{\outcome A}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}] + [{\outcome B}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}]$ (Special note: this is called a â€Å"non-overlapping† probability. In this case, it is impossible for the two (or more) events to both happen at the same time. There is such a thing as an either/or probability for overlapping events, but you will never be asked to do this on the ACT, so we have not included it in this guide.) An either/or probability increases the odds that our desired outcome will happen because we do not care which of the two events happen, only that one of them does. To solve this kind of problem, we must therefore add the probability of each individual event. Their sum will become the probability of either event happening. So let’s look again at our earlier example with Mara and her beads. Instead of asking the odds of Mara selecting only a red bead, what are the odds that Mara will select either a red bead or a green bead if she has 5 yellow beads, 10 red beads, 15 green beads, and 20 blue beads in the basket? We have increased our odds, since it doesn’t matter whether or not the bead is green or red, so long as the bead we select is NOT blue or yellow (essentially, we are doing another version of our earlier negative problem- †what are the odds that a particular event will NOT happen?†) This means we can add the probabilities of our individual events together in order to find their combined probability. So let us find the probability of her drawing a red bead: $10/(5 + 10 + 15 + 20)$ $10/50$ And let us find the probability of her drawing a green bead: $15/(5 + 10 + 15 + 25)$ $15/50$ So, if we put the two probabilities together, we’ll have: $10/50 + 15/50$ $25/50$ $1/2$ Because this problem involves the odds of two events with the same total number of outcomes (there are 50 total possible beads to choose from each time), we could also simply add our two desired outcomes together over the total number of outcomes. So: $(10 + 15)/(5 + 10 + 15 + 20)$ $25/50$ $1/2$ Either way, the odds of Mara drawing either a red bead or a green bead are 1 in 2, or $1/2$ (50%). What are the odds that we go this way or that way? Combined Probability $\Combined \probability = [{\outcome A}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}] * [{\outcome B}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}]$ "What are the odds of two or more events both/all happening?" This kind of probability question is called a combined probability and there is a good chance you’ll see a question of this type in the later half of the ACT math section. Note that a combined probability question is distinctly different from an either/or probability question. An â€Å"either/or† question asks whether or not one of the multiple events occurs (no matter which event is was). A â€Å"both/and† question requires that multiple events all occur. To find the probability of an â€Å"either/or† question, we must add our probabilities. To find the probability of a combined probability question, we must multiply our probabilities. A good way to remember this is to remember that a combined probability question will ultimately have a lower probability than the that of just one (or either) event occurring. The more events you need to happen, the less likely it will be that they all will. How likely is it that your first AND second coin tosses will BOTH be heads? Lower than the odds of just flipping heads once. On the other hand, an either/or probability question will have higher odds than the probability of just one of its events happening. You are combining forces to increase your odds of getting a desirable outcome. How likely is it that you’ll flip either heads or tails for each toss? 100%! What are the odds that Jenny will roll a pair of dice and get six on both? A die has six faces, so the odds of rolling any particular number is $1/6$. Because the question is asking us to find the odds of rolling two sixes (and nothing else), we must use our combined probability. So: $1/6 * 1/6 = 1/36$ There is a 1 in 36 chance that Jenny will roll a pair of dice and get two sixes. Combined probability questions mean that events cannot be separated. Typical ACT Probability Questions There are many different kinds of probabilities and probability questions (including overlapping, and conditional probabilities), but ACT probability questions use only the basic probabilities we have covered above. For most ACT probability questions, you will be asked to find either a straight probability or a probability ratio. You may also be asked to find or alter a new probability from an existing one. Now let us look at each type of problem. Simple Probability These kind of questions will always be word problems in which you are told a story and asked to find the probability of one or more events. This may be a straight probability, an either/or probability, or a combined probability. Simply use the understandings we learned above and you’ll be able to solve these kinds of questions without issue. We know that probability is ${\desired \outcome}/{\all \possible \outcomes}$. Our desired outcome is to get one of the five extra pieces, so our numerator will be 5. There are 750 puzzle pieces PLUS the extra five pieces in the box total, so our denominator will be: $750 + 5 = 755$ When we put them together, our final probability will be: $5/755$ Our final answer is D. Probability Ratio One way the ACT likes to spin probabilities and make them more complex is to present them as ratios or to ask you for your answer in a ratio. For a refresher on ratios, check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios. For these types of questions, pay close attention to what the ratio represents so that you don’t end up solving the wrong question entirely. We are told that we must find the odds of an event as a ratio of $\in \the 25 - 35 \age \range: \not \in \the 25-35 \age \range$ (in other words, $\desired \outcome: \remaining \outcomes$). We are given the number of voters in terms of percentages, so we can translate the 42% of voters in the 25-35 age range as $42/100$. And if the 25-35 age category has a probability of $42/100$, then the remaining voters will have a probability of: ${100 - 42}/100$ $58/100$ Now, we can represent our ratio of $25-35 \voters: \all \other \voters$ as: $42:58$ Both numbers are divisible by 2, so we can reduce the ratio to: $21:29$ Our final answer is D. Altering a Probability Finally, it is quite common for the ACT to ask you to alter a probability. Usually, they will present you with an existing probability and then ask you to find the number to which you must increase the desired outcome(s) and the total number of outcomes in order to achieve a specific new probability. For example: Now, there are two ways to solve this kind of problem- using proportions or using the strategy of plugging in answers. Let’s look at both methods. Method 1- Proportions We are asked to find an additional number of red marbles that we must add to the total number of marbles in order to find a new probability. The current probability of selecting a red marble is: $12/32$ Now, we are adding a certain number of red marbles and only red marbles. This means that the number of red marbles increases by exactly the same amount that the total increases. We can therefore represent the new probability as: ${12 + x}/{32 + x}$ Now, we want this new probability to be equal to $3/5$, so let us set them up as a proportion. ${12 + x}/{32 + x} = 3/5$ And because this is a proportion, we can cross multiply. $(32 + x)(3) = (12 + x)(5)$ $96 + 3x = 60 + 5x$ Now solve for $x$. $36 = 2x$ $18 = x$ So we must add 18 red marbles in order to get a new probability of: ${12 + 18}/{32 + 18$ $30/50$ $3/5$ Our final answer is G, 18. Method 2- Plugging in answers The alternative to using proportions is to use PIA. We can simply add the answer options to the 12 red marbles in our numerator and the 32 marbles in our denominator and see which answer choice gives us a final ratio of $3/5$. Let us begin, as always, with the answer choice in the middle. Answer option H gives us 28, so let us try adding 28 to both the red marbles and the total number of marbles. ${12 + 28}/{32 + 28}$ $40/60$ $2/3$ This answer is a little bit too large. We can also see that the larger the number we add to both the numerator and the denominator, the larger our probability will be (you can test this by plugging in answer choice J or K- for K, if you add 40 to both 12 and 32, your final probability fraction will be $52/72$ = $13/18$, which is even larger than $2/3$.) This means that we can eliminate answer choices H, J, and K. Now let us try answer choice G. ${12 + 18}/{32 + 18}$ $30/50$ $3/5$ We have found our desired ratio. Our final answer is G, 18. As you can see, no matter which method you use, you can find the right solution. Somebody's gotta win, right? Well, you are more likely that to get struck by lightening (odds: 1.3 million to 1) and THEN fall from a 15 story building and survive (odds: 90 to 1), than you are to win the lottery (odds: 120 million to 1). How to Solve a Probability Question There are several ACT math strategies you must keep in mind when solving a probability question. First of all, you will know if you are being asked for a probability question on the ACT because, somewhere in the problem, it will ask you for the "probability of," the "chances of," or the "odds of" one or more events happening. Almost always, the ACT will use the word â€Å"probability,† but make sure to note that these words are all interchangeable. When you see those phrases, make sure to follow these steps: #1: Make sure you look carefully at exactly what the question is asking. It can be easy to make a mistake with probability ratios, or to mix up an either/or probability question with a both/and question. Make sure you always carefully examine the problem before you waste precious time trying to answer the wrong question. Kyle has been tossing a coin and recording the number of heads and tails results. So far, he has tossed the coin 5 times and gotten heads each time. What are the odds that he will get tails on his next coin toss? You may be tempted to think that our desired outcome (our numerator) is influenced by the number of times Kyle has already tossed the coin and the outcomes so far, but in all actuality, the probability that Kyle will get tails on his next toss is $1/2$. Why? Because each coin toss is independent of another coin toss. This means that this is a simple matter of determining our desired outcome over the number of total outcomes. There is one possibility of getting tails- numerator 1- and two possible options- heads or tails, denominator 2. So Kyle’s chances of getting tails on the next toss are 1 in 2. Now let’s look at a slightly different question. Kyle tossed the coin 5 times and got heads each time. What were the odds of this happening? Now we are being asked to find the probability of a both/and question, since we are being asked to identify the probability of multiple events all happening. (If it helps to picture, you can rephrase the question as: â€Å"What are the odds that BOTH his first coin tosses were heads? And What were the odds that BOTH his next tosses were heads?†, etc.) So if we use what we know about combined probabilities, we would be able to say: $1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2$ $1/32$ The odds are 1 in 32 (3.125%) that Kyle would have tossed heads five times in a row. #2: Think logically about when your odds will increase or decrease The odds of either two or more events occurring will be greater than the odds of one of the events alone. The odds of both (or multiple events) all occurring will be less than the odds of the odds of one of those events alone. Always take a moment to think about probability questions logically so that you don’t multiply when you should add, or vice versa. #3: Simplify the idea of a probability Once you get used to working with probabilities, you’ll find that probability questions are often just fancy ways of working with fractions and percentages. A probability ratio is the exact same thing as a question that simply asks you for a ratio. Just brush up on your fractions and ratiosif you find yourself intimidated for any reason. And always feel free to fall back on your PIA or PIN,as needed. These methods will sometimes take a little extra time, but they will always lead you to the right answer. The probability of drawing this hand is less than 0.0000004%, so I'm gonna go ahead and go all in. Test Your Knowledge Now it’s time to test what you’ve learned, using real ACT practice problems: 1) 2) 3) 4) Answers: F, E, D, B Answer Explanations: 1. This is another example of an altering probability question and, again, we have two choices when it comes to solving it. Let’s go through both the algebra/proportion method and PIA. Method 1- proportions. We know that we must increase the number of red marbles and only red marbles, so the amount of new marbles added to the set of red marbles and to the overall total of marbles will be the same. Our starting probability of red marbles is: $6/18$ So now we must increase each part of our fraction by the same amount and set it equal to the desired probability of $â…â€"$. ${6 + x}/{18 + x} = 3/5$ $(18 + x)(3) = (6 + x)(5)$ $54 + 3x = 30 + 5x$ $24 = 2x$ $12 = x$ So we must increase our red marbles (and, consequently, the total number of marbles) by 12 in order to get a probability of $â…â€"$ of selecting a red marble. To double-check this, we can plug the number back into our probability. ${6 + 12}/{18 + 12}$ $18/30$ $3/5$ We have successfully found our answer! Our final answer is F, 12. Method 2- PIA The alternative method is to use plugging in answers. We will simply plug in our answer choices to increase our red marbles (and our total number of marbles) and see which answer choice results in a probability of $3/5$. Let us start with answer choice H, 18. ${6 + 18}/{18 + 18}$ $24/36$ $2/3$ This probability is too large and any larger numbers will only get us larger probabilities. This means we can eliminate answer choices H, J, and K. Now, let us try answer choice G, 16. ${6 + 16}/{18 + 16}$ $22/34$ $11/17$ This probability is still slightly too large. By process of elimination, our answer must be F, but let us test it to be sure. ${6 + 12}/{18 + 12}$ $18/30$ $3/5$ Success! We have found our right answer. Our final answer is, again, F, 12. 2. Because Elliott must answer all the questions correctly, this means that this is a combination probability question. We are told that he answers each question at random, and all the questions have 3 answer options, which means that answering one question correctly has a probability of: $1/3$ And, since this is a combination problem, answering ALL 4 questions correctly will be: $1/3 * 1/3 * 1/3 * 1/3$ $1/81$ Our final answer is E, $1/81$ 3. We have a total of 150 people and 67 of them have type A blood, while 6 of them have type AB. This means that type A blood has a probability of: $67/150$ And type AB blood has a probability of: $6/150$ Now we can add these probabilities together. $67/150 + 6/150 = 73/150$ Our final answer is D, $73/150$ 4. Here, we have another probability question made more complicated by the use of ratios. Again, if you need a refresher on ratios, check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios. First, we must find the actual number of 10th and 11th graders. We are told that the 10th graders have a ratio of 86:255 to the school population and the 11th graders have a ratio of 18:51 to the total student population. We must first set these ratios to an equal number of total students in order to determine the number of students in each class. We can see that the 11th graders have a reduced ratio, so we must multiply each side of the ratio by the same amount in order to equal the total number of students as the 10th graders’ ratio (255). Luckily for us, $255/51 = 5$. This is a nice, round number to work with. Now, we must multiply the 11th grade ratio by 5 on each side to even out the playing field. $18(5):51(5)$ $90:255$ We are assuming for now that there are 255 students total (there may be $255 *2$ or $255 * 3$, and so forth, but this will not affect our final outcome; all that matters is that we choose a total number of students that is equal for all grades/ratios.) So there are 86 10th graders, 90 11th graders, and the remaining students are 12th graders. Knowing that there are 255 students total, we can find the number of 12th graders by saying: $255 - 86 - 90 = 79$ There are 79 12th graders. This means that the probability of selecting a 10th, 11th, or 12th grader at random is: $86/255$, $90/255$, $79/255$, respectively. The odds are higher that the lottery will select an 11th grader, as the numerator for 11th graders is larger than that of the others. Our final answer is B, 11th graders. You have successfully completed your probability questions! You're free! The Take Aways The more you practice working with probabilities, the easier they will become. Although it can take some time to learn how to properly differentiate between the different types of probability questions, most ACT probability questions are fairly straightforward. Understand that probabilities are simply fractional relationships of desired outcomes over all potential outcomes, and you’ll be able to tackle these kinds of ACT math questions in no time. What’s Next? Now that you've stacked the odds in your favor on your probability questions, it's time to make sure you're caught up with the rest of your ACT math topics. We've got guides on all your individual math needs, from trigonometry to slopes and more. Wondering how your score stacks up? See what makes a "good" score and how you can get the most out of your studying time to reach your target goal. Running out of time on the ACT? Look to our guide on how to maximize your time and your score in the hour allotted. Want to get a perfect score? Check out how to get a perfect score on the ACT math, written by a 36-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. 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